1.These are grim economic times fellow TEDsters, grim economic times indeed.
现在是非常糟糕的经济时期 各位TED的朋友，真的是非常糟糕经济时期
2.And so, I would like to cheer you up with one of the great, albeit largely unknown, commercial success stories of the past 20 years.
所以，我想让你们振奋一下 用一个在过去20年中 大多数人都不知道的 成功的商业故事
3.Comparable, in its own very peculiar way, to the achievements of Microsoft or Google.
他们用他们自己的方式 他们有他们特别的方式?
4.And it’s an industry which has bucked the current recession with equanimity.
如今，它正冷静的应对着当前的 金融危机
5.I refer to organized crime.
我指的是有组织犯罪
6.Now organized crime has been around for a very long time, I hear you say.
如你所知，从很久以前开始 有组织犯罪就已经存在于我们身边了
7.And these would be wise words, indeed.
事实确实就是这个样子
8.But in the last two decades it has experienced an unprecedented expansion.
但是在过去的20年中 它以难以想象的速度扩张着
9.Now accounting for roughly 15 percent of the world’s GDP.
如今它已经占到了世界GDP的 近15%
10.I like to call it the Global Shadow Economy, or McMafia, for short.
我更愿意称之为”全球地下经济“ 或者简称”McMafia“（麦克黑手党），
11.So what triggered this extraordinary growth in cross-border crime?
那么，是什么引起了这种跨国行犯罪的 异常增长呢？
12.Well, of course, there is globalization, technology, communications, all that stuff, which we’ll talk about a little bit later.
当然，这其中有全球化， 科技进步，通讯发展等等方面的原因 这些我们等会儿会谈到
13.But first, I would like to take you back to this event.
但是首先，我想带各位回顾一下 这个事件
14.The collapse of communism.
东欧共产主义解体。
15.All across Eastern Europe, a most momentous episode in our post-war history.
整个东欧在第二次世界大战后 经历的最重要的一章
16.Now it’s time for full disclosure.
现在是时候大白于天下了。
17.This event meant a great deal to me personally.
这件事对我个人来说非常重要。
18.I had started smuggling books across the iron curtain to Democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe, like Solidarity in Poland,
我曾经为走私书籍横跨铁幕（当时共产主义和资本主义的欧洲分界线） 运到东欧的民主反对党 比如波兰的团结工会等等
19.when I was in my teens.
当时我是十几岁
20.I then started writing about Eastern Europe, and eventually I became the BBC’s chief correspondent for the region.
后来我开始写一些关于东欧的东西 并最终成为了 BBC驻这一地区的通讯主管
21.Which is what I was doing in 1989.
这些是我在1989年做的事情
22.And so when 425 million people finally won the right to chose their own governments I was ecstatic.
当4.25亿人最终获得了 选择他们政府的 权利的时候 我欣喜若狂
23.But I was also a touch worried about some of the nastier things lurking behind the wall.
但是我也开始担心 一些潜在着的 令人烦心的事情。
24.It wasn’t long, for example, before ethnic nationalism reared its bloody head in Yugoslavia.
举例来说， 这离之前南斯拉夫的种族主义 血腥上台 并不太久
25.And amongst the chaos, amidst the euphoria, it took me a little while to understand that some of the people who had wielded power before 1989, in Eastern Europe,
在那种混乱与 兴奋的环境中 我花了一段时间才了解到 那些在东欧1989年之前 已经掌握特殊权利的人，
26.continued to do so after the revolutions there.
在革命之后继续在那里掌控着他们的权利。
27.Obviously there were characters like this.
显然有些是大人物，像是…
28.But there were also more unexpected people who played a critical role in what was going on in Eastern Europe.
不过也有一些我们想不到的人物 正影响着东欧的改变
29.Like this character. Remember these guys?
像是这一位。还记得这些人吗？
30.They used to win the gold medals in weightlifting and wrestling, every four years in the Olympics.
他们经常在四年一次的奥运会上 赢得举重和摔跤的金牌
31.And they were the great celebrities of communism.
在共产主义国家里，他们是社会名流
32.With a fabulous lifestyle to go with it.
过着奢华的生活
33.The used to get great apartments in the center of town.
在市中心拥有高档的公寓
34.Casual sex on tap.
也有美酒佳人作陪
35.And they could travel to the West very freely, which was a great luxury at the time.
他们可以自由的到西方国家旅行 这在当时简直奢华到了极点
36.It may come as a surprise, but they played a critical role in the emergence of the market economy in Eastern Europe.
这可能出乎人的意料，但是他们扮演了一个很重要的角色 在这个市场经济危机中 在东欧。
37.Or as I like to call them, they are the midwives of capitalism.
或者我更愿意称他们为 资本主义的接生婆
38.Here are some of those same wieghtlifters after their 1989 makeover.
这是在1989年变化之后 保加利亚的
39.Now in Bulgaria, this photograph was taken in Bulgaria, when communism collapsed all over Eastern Europe it wasn’t just communism, it was the state that collapsed as well.
举重选手 这些照片是在保加利亚拍的 当东欧共产主义国家垮台时 垮的不只是共产主义 政府机制也垮了
40.That means your police force wasn’t working.
也就是说警察和治安没了
41.The court system wasn’t functioning properly.
法律系统无法正常运作
42.So what was a business man in the brave new world of East European capitalism going to do to make sure that his contracts would be honored?
在这样的情况下，一个商人应该如何 在混乱的东欧的资本主义市场中 确保自己合约的有效性？
43.Well, he would turn to people who were called, rather prosaically by sociologists, privatized law enforcement agencies.
事实上，他可能会去求助于那些 被社会学家称之为 “私人法律强制执行机构”
44.We prefer to know them as the mafia.
我们通常称他们为黑手党。
45.And in Bulgaria, the mafia was soon joined with 14 thousand people who were sacked from their jobs in the security services between 1989 and 1991.
在保加利亚，黑手党很快的 聚结了1万4千人 被聚集的都是1989到1991年间 在治安管理行业丢了工作的人
46.Now, when your state is collapsing, your economy is heading south at a rate of knots, the last people you want coming on to the labor market
现在，当你的政府垮台了 经济正在急速下滑 劳工市场绝不会是这1万四千人
47.are 14 thousand men and women whose chief skills are surveillance, are smuggling, building underground networks, and killing people.
愿意去的地方。他们擅长的 是监视 走私，建立地下秩序 和杀人。
48.But that’s what happened all over Eastern Europe.
但是当时整个东欧都是这样
49.Now, when I was working in the 1990s I spent most of the time covering the appalling conflict in Yugoslavia.
在90年代，我工作的大部分时间 都花在了报道那些 南斯拉夫严重的武装冲突上
50.And I couldn’t help notice that the people who were perpetrating the appalling atrocities, the paramilitary organizations, were actually the same people running
于是我渐渐发现 犯下那些骇人暴行的人 和这些准军事机构 都实际上是那同一群
51.the organized criminal syndicates.
掌控着有组织的犯罪集团的人
52.And I came to think that behind the violence lay a sinister criminal enterprise.
所以我开始思考在这暴力后面隐藏着的 一个危险的犯罪集团。
53.And so I resolved to travel around the world examining this global criminal underworld by talking to policemen, by talking to victims, by talking to consumers
然后我决心环游世界 探查全球的地下犯罪 通过与警察交谈 与受害人交谈，与那些非法商品和服务的
54.of illicit goods and services.
购买者们交谈
55.But above all else, by talking to the gangsters themselves.
除此之外,还会直接与罪犯们交谈
56.And the Balkans was a fabulous place to start.
巴尔干地区是一个适合开始调查的地方
57.Why? Well of course there was the issue of law and order collapsing.
为什么呢？因为显然 那里的法律和秩序已经崩溃
58.But also, as they say in the retail trade, it’s location location location.
另外，像零售行业中所说的， 关键是位置，位置，位置
59.And what I noticed at the beginning of my research that the Balkans had turned into a vast transit zone for illicit goods and services coming from all over the world.
刚开始我发现的是 巴尔干已成为一个大型中转区 非法物资来源于世界各地
60.Heroin, cocaine, women being trafficked into prostitution and precious minerals.
海洛因，可卡因 女人被非法卖到卖淫集团 还有稀有的矿物
61.And where were they heading?
这些东西最终运向什么地方？
62.The European Union, which by now was beginning to reap the benefits of globalization.
目的地是欧盟 欧盟过去一直因为全球化而获利
63.Transforming it into the most affluent consumer market in history.
于是犯罪慢慢转型到 这个历史上最富足的消费市场
64.Eventually comprising some 500 million people.
涵盖了5亿人口的市场
65.And a significant minority of those 500 million people like to spend some of their leisure time and spare cash sleeping with prostitutes,
在这5亿人中 有很少但很重要的一批人 他们愿意花点些时间和闲钱 跟妓女上床
66.sticking 50 Euro notes up their nose and employing illegal migrant laborers.
用50欧元的钞票插到鼻子里面（吸毒） 雇佣非法移民劳工
67.Now, organized crime in a globalizing world operates in the same way as any other business.
在世界全球化的今天，有组织犯罪 使用和其他大企业一样的运作模式
68.It has zones of production, like Afghanistan and Columbia.
它拥有很多生产地区， 像阿富汗和哥伦比亚
69.It has zones of distribution, like Mexico and the Balkans.
它有自己的发货区域 像墨西哥和巴尔干地区
70.And then, of course, it has zones of consumption, like the European Union, Japan and of course, the United States.
然后，当然，还有它的消费区 像欧盟，日本 当然 ，还有美国
71.The zones of production and distribution tend to lie in the developing world.
生产区域和发货区域 趋向于在发展中世界
72.And they are often threatened by appalling violence and bloodshed.
他们都经常被严重的暴力和流血事件 威胁
73.Take Mexico for example.
拿墨西哥来说
74.Six thousand people killed there in the last 18 months as a direct consequence of the cocaine trade.
在过去18个月中，就有6000人被杀 这些都直接归因于可卡因的交易
75.But what about the Democratic Republic of Congo?
那么民主刚果共和国怎么样呢？
76.Since 1998, five million people have died there.
从1998年起，5百万人已经死亡
77.It’s not a conflict you read about much in the newspapers.
这不是一个你在报纸上可以读到的冲突
78.But it’s the biggest conflict on this planet since the Second World War.
但这是自二战以来 在我们星球上发生的最大的冲突
79.And why is it? Because mafias from all around the world cooperate with local paramilitaries in order to seize the supplies of the rich mineral resources
为什么会这样 ？ 因为来自世界各地的黑手党 与地方军事武装合作 为了控制富矿 在地区上的
80.of the region.
供应权。
81.In the year 2000, 80 percent of the world’s coltan was sourced to the killing fields of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
在2000年，世界上80％的钶钽铁矿 都来源于刚果共和国东部的 杀戮地区
82.Now coltan you will find in almost every mobile phone, in almost every laptop and games console.
你可以在基本上每部手机上发现钶钽铁矿 还有笔记本电脑上 和游戏机控制器上
83.The Cogolese war lords were selling this stuff to the mafia in exchange for weapons.
刚果的战争头目把这些东西卖给黑手党 去交换武器
84.And the mafia would then sell it on to Western markets.
然后黑手党把这些东西卖到西方市场
85.And it is this Western desire to consume that is the primary driver of international organized crime.
这是西方市场所需要的 所消耗的 这就是全球组织犯罪的 主要动机
86.Now, let me show you some of my friends in action, caught conveniently on film by the Italian police and smuggling duty-not-paid cigarettes.
现在，就让我向你们展示一些我的正在行动中的朋友， 他们正巧被意大利警察拍到了影片中 他们在走私逃税香烟
87.Now, cigarettes out the factory gate are very cheap.
现在，工厂生产的香烟非常便宜
88.The European Union then imposes the highest taxes on them in the world.
但欧盟要求他们付世界上最高的税。
89.So if you can smuggle them into the E.U.
所以如果你可以走私香烟进欧盟
90.there are very handsome profits to be made.
就能赚到极高的利润
91.And I want to show you this to demonstrate the type of resources available to these groups.
我想向各位展示一下 这些团体拥有着何等的资源
92.This boat is worth one million Euros when it’s new.
这艘船的造价是100万欧元
93.And it’s the fastest thing on European waters.
欧洲再没有什么跑得比它快了
94.From 1994, for seven years, 20 of these boats made the trip across the Adriatic, from Montenegro to Italy, every single night.
从1994年开始，一共7年， 20艘这样的船 曾经成功的穿越过亚得里亚海， 每天晚上从黑山到意大利。
95.And as a consequence of this trade Britain alone lost eight billion dollars in revenue.
这个交易导致 英国损失了80亿美元的收入
96.And instead that money went to underwrite the wars in Yugoslavia and line the pockets of unscrupulous individuals.
而这些钱被用在了南斯拉夫战争中 还进了一些黑心商人的腰包
97.Now Italian police, when this trade started, had just two boats which could go at the same speed.
这种交易刚刚开始的时候，意大利警方 只有两艘警舰可以跟他们跑得一样快
98.And this is very important, because the only way you can catch these guys is if they run out of gas.
这很重要，因为唯一抓住他们的方法 就是让他们跑到没汽油
99.Sometimes the gangsters would bring with them women being trafficked into prostitution.
有时候黑手党会带着 被拐来卖淫的女人
100.And if the police intervened, they would hurl the women into the sea so that the police had to go and save them from drowning, rather than chasing the bad guys.
如果警察干预，他们会把 这些女人抛入大海 所以警察必须去救这些人， 而不是继续追赶，
101.So I have shown you this to demonstrate how many boats, how many vessels it takes to catch one of these guys.
给各位看这些是想说明 需要多少船，多少快艇 才能抓到这些人
102.And the answer is six vessels.
答案是6艘
103.And remember, 20 of these speed boats were coming across the Adriatic every single night.
要知道，有20艘这样的快船 每晚穿梭在 亚得里亚海上
104.So what were these guys doing with all the money they were making?
罪犯把挣到的钱都用在什么地方了呢？
105.Well, this is where we come to globalization because that was not just the deregulation of global trade.
这就要提到全球化问题了 因为这不只是破坏世界交易规定
106.It was the liberalization of international financial markets.
还有世界金融市场的自由化
107.And boy did that make it easy for the money launderers.
老实说，洗钱实在是 太容易了
108.The last two decades have been the champagne era for dirty lucre.
过去的20年是一个值得用香槟庆祝的时代 对于黑钱来说
109.In the 1990s we saw financial centers around the world competing for their business.
自1990以来，我们看见世界各地的金融中心们 为它们的生意互相竞争
110.And there was simply no effective mechanism to prevent money laundering.
然而却没有一个有效地机制 去防止洗钱活动
111.And a lot of licit banks were also happy to accept deposits from very dubious sources without questions being asked.
而且很多合法的银行也乐于 接受存款 尽管来源非常可疑 也不会问任何问题
112.But at the heart of this, is the offshore banking network.
这些问题的根源在于跨国银行网络
113.Now these things are an essential part of the money laundering parade.
现在这些事情 已经成为洗钱狂潮的核心部分
114.And if you want to do something about illegal tax evasion and transnational organized crime, money laundering, you have to get rid of them.
如果你想阻止非法避税 国际化有组织犯罪、洗钱 你就必须摆脱它们
115.On a positive note, we at last have someone in the White House who has consistently spoken out against these corrosive entities.
好消息是，白宫里有些还在 坚持提出 反对这些腐化的集团
116.And if anyone is concerned about what I believe is the necessity for new legislation, regulation, effective regulation, I say, let’s take a look at Bernie Madoff,
如果有任何人跟我一样关心这样的问题 注意最重要的事情是 对于新的法律，规定，有效的规则 让我们看看Bernie Madoff
117.who is now going to be spending the rest of his life in jail.
他将在监狱中度过他的余生
118.Bernie Madoff stole 65 billion dollars.
Bernie Madoff偷了650亿美元
119.That puts him up there on the Olympus of gangsters with the Colombian cartels, and the major Russian crime syndicates.
这使他成为了可以比肩哥伦比亚三大贩毒集团 和主要俄罗斯犯罪组织的 地位最高的黑手党
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