1.First place I’d like to take you is what many believe will be the world’s deepest natural abyss.
我要带大家去的第一个地方 是一个天然的深渊，许多人相信它将会被证明为世界最深之渊。
2.And I say believe because this process is still ongoing.
我说相信是因为这个探索过程还未结束。
3.Right now there are major expeditions being planned for next year that I’ll talk a little bit about.
明年有几个很大的探险活动正在策划中 关于这个我会做些介绍
4.One of the things that’s changed here, in the last 150 years since Jules Verne had great science-fiction concepts of what the underworld was like,
现在,变化之一是 自从儒勒?凡尔纳 在科幻小说里描绘了地底世界的样子后,
5.is that technology has enabled us to go to these places that were previously completely unknown and speculated about.
在过去的150年里，科技已使我们能够到达一些地方 这些地方是我们先前完全不知且不能想象的。
6.We can now descend thousands of meters into the Earth with relative impunity.
而我们现在能相对安全得深入地球几千米。
7.Along the way we’ve discovered fantastic abysses and chambers so large that you can see for hundreds of meters without a break in the line of sight.
沿途我们发现了奇异的深渊和岩洞。 那些岩洞大得异乎寻常， 一眼望去能看到几百米。
8.When you go on a thing like this, we can usually be in the field for anywhere from two to four months, with a team of as small as 20 or 30, to as big as 150.
当我们到了这样的岩洞时，我们经常会在那 待二至四个月， 我们的队伍规模小时二三十人，大时有一百五十人。
9.And a lot of people ask me, you know, what kind of people do you get for a project like this?
许多人问我 你们选什么样的人参加这样的项目？
10.And while our selection process is not as rigorous as NASA, it’s nonetheless thorough.
我们的筛选过程 不是像NASA(美国航空航天局)那么严格，但它又是周详的。
11.we’re looking for competence, discipline, endurance, and strength.
我们寻找的是有能力胜任此工作，能严格约束自己，耐力长久而且体力充沛的人。
12.In case you’re wondering, this is our strength test.
如果你想知道的话，这是我们的体能测试。
13.(Laughter) But we also value esprit de corps and the ability to diplomatically resolve inter-personal conflict while under great stress in remote locations.
（笑） 但我们也重视团队精神 和善于解决人际矛盾的能力。 这些能力， 在人们身处僻壤
14.We have already gone far beyond the limits of human endurance.
压力巨大到远远超过人类耐力极限的时候尤其重要。
15.From the entrance, this is nothing like a commercial cave.
从洞口看，这绝不像个商业旅游的山洞。
16.You’re looking at Camp Two in a place called J2, not K2, but J2.
你看到的是二号营地，它搭在J2,不是K2(世界第二高峰）,而是J2.
17.We’re roughly two days from the entrance at that point.
在那里我们大约距出口两天路程。
18.And it’s kind of like a high altitude mountaineering trip in reverse, except that you’re now running a string of these things down.
它就像一场反方向的高海拔登山之旅， 不同的是你用绳子往下走
19.The idea is to try to provide some measure of physical comfort while you’re down there, otherwise in damp, moist, cold conditions in utterly dark places.
这是让人们在这种地下环境中稍微觉得舒服些 要不然周围就是完全潮湿，寒冷而且漆黑的地方了。
20.I should mention that everything you’re seeing here, by the way, is artificially illuminated at great effort.
我应该提一下，你在这儿看着的每一件东西 都是费了很大劲儿人为照亮的。
21.Otherwise it is completely dark in these places.
否则，在这些地方全都是黑的。
22.The deeper you go, the more you run into a conflict with water.
你越深入，就越要费力气抵抗地下水问题。
23.It’s basically like a tree collecting water coming down.
它基本上就像是一棵向下吸水的树。
24.And eventually you get to places where it is formidable and dangerous and unfortunately slides just don’t do justice.
最终你会到达了一个可怕的危险的地方 不幸的是这些幻灯片并不能充分显示（这些地方有多么可怕）。
25.So I’ve got a very brief clip here that was taken in the late 1980s.
所以我找了一个1980年代末拍的小短片。
26.So descend into Huautla Plateau in Mexico.
这是在墨西哥瓦乌拉特高原。
27.(Video) Now I have to tell you that the techniques being shown here are obsolete and dangerous.
（视频） 现在我要提醒你们这里所用的技术 已经过时而且危险。
28.We would not do this today unless we were doing it for film.
现今除非是为了拍电影，否则我们不会这样做。
29.(Laughter) Along that same line, I have to tell you that with the spate of Hollywood movies that came out last year, we have never seen monsters underground —
（笑声） 同样地，我还要说 我们在底下从未见过 象去年新出的大量好莱坞电影中的怪兽，
30.at least the kind that eat you.
至少没见到吃人的怪兽。
31.If there is a monster underground, it is the crushing psychological remoteness that begins to hit every member of the team once you cross about three days inbound from the nearest entrance.
如果有地下怪兽， 那一定是心中的能致命的孤寂 一旦你从最近的洞口深入三天， 这种孤寂感就开始侵袭队中的成员
32.Next year I’ll be leading an international team to J2.
明年我要带领一支国际队伍去J2.
33.We’re going to be shooting from minus 2,600 meters — that’s a little over 8,600 feet down — at 30 kilometers from the entrance.
我们要从地下2600米处 大约8600多英尺之下–开始拍摄。 那个地方离洞口30千米处。
34.The lead crews will be underground for pushing 30 days straight.
先头部队将会在地下向前不停地推进30天。
35.I don’t think there’s been a mission like that in a long time.
我想已经很久没有象这样的探险活动了。
36.Eventually, if you keep going down in these things, probability says that you’re going to run into a place like this.
最后，如果你一直向下深入这些洞穴， 概率上说你很可能进入一个
37.It’s a place where there’s a fold in the geologic stratum that collects water and fills to the roof.
有褶皱的 充满水的地方
38.And when you used to find these things, they would put a label on a map that said terminal siphon.
当以前找这些地方时 人们会在地图上标注其为吸管终端。
39.Now I remember that term really well for two reasons.
这个词我记得很清楚。因为有两个原因
40.Number one, it’s the name of my rock band, and second, is because the confrontation of these things forced me to become an inventor.
第一，它是我摇滚乐队的名字，第二， 是因为这些地方的挑战 迫使我变成了一个发明者。
41.And we’ve since gone on to develop many generations of gadgets for exploring places like this.
而且从那以后，我们研发了好几代 许多用于探索类似地方的小仪器。
42.This is some life-support equipment closed-cycle — and you can use that now to go for many kilometers horizontally underwater and to depths of 200 meters straight down underwater.
这是某种闭合的维持生命的仪器 你现在可以用它在水下水平前行几千米 其应用范围深至水下200米处。
43.When you do this kind of stuff, it’s like doing EVA, it’s like doing extra-vehicular activity in space, but at much greater distances, and at much greater physical peril.
当你在水下行走时，感觉有点儿像EVA(太空行走)， 像是进行太空行走， 但是要走的更远，冒的风险也更大。
44.So it makes you think about how to design your equipment for long range away from a safe haven.
这让你想办法如何设计你的器械 使它安全地走得更远。
45.Here’s a clip from a National Geographic movie that came out in 1999.
这是国家地理电影1999年拍的 一些片段
46.(Video) Narrator: Exploration is a physical process of putting your foot in places where humans have never stepped before.
（视频）旁白：探索是一个物理过程 它让你涉足人类从未涉及的地方。
47.This is where the last little nugget of totally unknown territory remains on this planet.
这是地球上完全不为人知的最后一点儿金地。
48.To experience it is a privilege.
只有极少的人能够亲历。
49.Bill Stone: That was taken in Wakulla Springs, Florida.
比尔?斯通：那电影取景于佛罗里达的瓦库拉泉。
50.Couple of things to note about that movie: every piece of equipment that you saw in there did not exist before 1999.
这部电影有几件事值得注意：你所见的每种设备 1999年前都不存在。
51.It was developed within a two-year period and used on actual exploratory projects.
它们是在两年内发明的，并且用于实际探索项目。
52.This gadget you see right here was called the digital wall mapper — and it produced the first three-dimensional map anybody has ever done
你们在这里见到的这个是电子墙体测绘仪– 它制出了世界上第一个山洞的三维地图，
53.of a cave, and it happened to be underwater in Wakulla Springs.
那是在瓦库拉泉水下
54.It was that gadget that serendipitously opened a door to another unexplored world.
正是这小仪器不经意地开启了 通往另一个世界的门。
55.This is Europa.
这是木卫二。
56.Carolyn Porco mentioned another one called Enceladus the other day.
卡罗琳?波科尔前几天提到另一个叫做恩克拉多斯的行星。
57.This is one of the places where planetary scientists believe there is a highest probability of the detection of the first life off earth in the ocean that exists below there.
研究行星的科学家 相信那里是最有可能探索到 有地球之外的初级生命的地方之一，生命就存在在恩克拉多斯行星的大洋之下。
58.For those who have never seen this story, Jim Cameron produced a really wonderful IMAX movie couple of years ago, called “Aliens of the Deep.”
对于那些从未看过这个故事的人来说， 几年前吉姆?卡梅隆（泰坦尼克，阿凡达导演）拍出过精彩的IMAX(巨幕)电影 名叫《深海异形》
59.There was a brief clip — (Video) Narrator: A mission to explore under the ice of Europa would be the ultimate robotic challenge.
这是片中的一个小片段– （视频）旁白：探索木卫二冰底的任务 将会成为机器人的终极挑战。
60.Europa is so far away that even at the speed of light, it would take more than an hour for the command just to reach the vehicle.
木卫二很远，即使用光速 指令到达飞行器也要花一个多小时。
61.It has to be smart enough to avoid terrain hazards, and to find a good landing site on the ice.
必须非常聪明才能避免各种冒险 找到一个好的冰面降落
62.Now we have to get through the ice.
现在我们还得穿过冰层。
63.You need a melt probe.
需要一个融化器。
64.It’s basically a nuclear-heated torpedo.
它基本上就是一个核能加热鱼雷。
65.The ice could be anywhere from three to 16 miles deep.
冰层可能有3至16英里 (5 到 26 公里）深。
66.Week after week, the melt probe will sink of its own weight through the ancient ice, until finally ….
一周接一周，融化探头靠着自身重量下沉 穿过远古的冰层，直至最后……
67.Now, what are you going to do when you reach the surface of that ocean?
当你到达洋面你将要做什么？
68.You need an AUV, an autonomous underwater vehicle.
你需要个AUV，一个自行式水下航行器。
69.It needs to be one smart puppy, able to navigate and make decisions on its own in an alien ocean.
它必须很聪明，能够自己导航 在陌生的外星球的大洋里能够自己做决定。
70.BS: What Jim didn’t know when he released that movie was that six months earlier NASA had funded a team I assembled to develop a prototype for the Europa AUV.
比尔?斯通：吉姆公映这部电影时并不知道 六个月前NASA(美国宇航局)已拨款给我集合的一个团队 去研发木卫二自行式水下航行器的原型。
71.I mean, I cut through three years of engineering meetings, design and system integration, and introduced DEPTHX — Deep Phreatic Thermal Explorer.
我花了三年的工程会议，设计 和系统整合，设计了DEPTHX– 深水热源探索仪。
72.And as the movie says, this is one smart puppy.
就像电影描述的，这是一个灵敏的小东西
73.It’s got 96 sensors, 36 onboard computers, 100,000 lines of behavioral autonomy code, packs more than 10 kilos of TNT in electrical onboard equivalent.
它有96个传感器，36台车携式电脑 十万条自主行为指令， 携带着十多公斤的炸药。
74.This is the target site, the world’s deepest hydrothermal spring at Cenote Zacaton in northern Mexico.
这是目的地， 墨西哥北部萨卡通石灰岩洞的世界最深温泉。
75.It’s been explored to a depth of 292 meters and beyond that nobody knows anything.
有人曾经探索到292米深处。 再深就没人知道是什么样了。
76.This is part of DEPTHX’s mission.
探索它是深水热源探测仪的任务之一。
77.There’s two primary targets we’re doing here.
我们有两个正在研究的主要方向。
78.One is, how do you do science autonomy underground?
一个是如何在地下自动地做科学实验？
79.How do you take a robot and turn it into a field microbiologist?
如何将机器人变成野外工作的生物学家？
80.There’s more stages involved here than I’ve got time to tell you about, but basically we drive through the space, we populate it with environmental variables —
这个有更多的步骤 可惜我没有足够的时间细述，但是基本上我们操纵机器人 穿过这个空间，我们让它探测环境变量–
81.sulphide, halide, things like that.
硫化物，卤化物，这样的东西。
82.We calculate gradient surfaces, and drive the bot over to a wall where there’s a high probability of life.
我们计算倾斜的表面，操纵机器人爬上墙体 那里很有可能存在生命。
83.We move along the wall, in what’s called proximity operations, looking for changes in color.
我们沿墙移动，这就是所谓的近距离操做 寻找颜色的变化。
84.If we see something that looks interesting, we pull it into a microscope.
如果我们遇到什么有趣的东西，我们把它放到显微镜下。
85.If it passes the microscopic test, we go for a collection.
如果它通过了显微镜测试，我们就收集样本。
86.We either draw in a liquid sample, or we can actually take a solid core from the wall.
我们收集液体样本， 或者我们从墙体上直接采集固体岩芯标本。
87.No hands at the wheel.
这一过程无需人来遥控
88.This is all behavioral autonomy here that’s being conducted by the robot on its own.
这全都由机器人 自己执行。
89.The real hat trick for this vehicle, though, is a disruptive new navigation system we’ve developed, known as 3D SLAM, for simultaneous localization and mapping.
这台机器最大的创新 是一种我们研发的与众不同的导航系统， 被称作3D SLAM, 用于同时定位和画图。
90.DEPTHX is an all-seeing eyeball.
深水热源探测仪是一种全视角眼球。
91.Its sensor beams look both forward and backward at the same time, allowing it to do new exploration while it’s still achieving geometric sensor-lock
它的感应光源可以同时向前向后， 允许它做新的探索 同时它能将感应到的它所经过的地方地
92.on what it’s gone through already.
几何图形锁定。
93.What I’m going to show you next is the first fully autonomous robotic exploration underground that’s ever been done.
我接下来要给你展示的 是有史以来第一个 全自动地下探索机器人
94.This May, we’re going to go from minus 1,000 meters in Zacaton, and if we’re very lucky, DEPTHX will bring back the first robotically-discovered division of bacteria.
今年五月，我们准备从扎卡顿地下一千米处出发， 如果我们幸运，深水热源探测仪将会带回第一个 机器人独立发现的细菌切片。
95.The next step after that is to test it in Antartica, and then if the funding continues and NASA has the resolution to go, we could potentially launch by 2016, and by 2019
那之后的第二步是在南极洲对它做测试，然后 如果资金许可，并且美国宇航局有决心， 我们可能在2016年前开始实施（探索外星）计划，在2019年
96.we may have the first evidence of life off this planet.
我们有可能得到证明地球外的生命存在第一个证据，
97.What then of manned space exploration?
那载人的空间探索呢？
98.The government recently announced plans to return to the moon by 2024.
美国政府最近宣布了2024重返月球的计划。
99.The successful conclusion of that mission will result in infrequent visitation of the moon by a small number of government scientists and pilots.
这项任务的成功将使少数的 政府雇佣的科学家和飞行员 的探访月球活动
100.It will leave us no further along in the general expansion of humanity into space than we were 50 years ago.
和五十年前相比，从人类探索宇宙的整体来看， 并没有什么起步
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