WillieSmits_修复雨林【中英文对照】

1.I was walking in the market one day with my wife, and somebody stuck a cage in my face.
有一天我和妻子走在市场上， 有人往我面前递上一个笼子
2.And in between those slits were the saddest eyes I’ve ever seen.
笼子的缝隙后 是我今生所见过最悲伤的眼睛。
3.There was a very sick orangutan baby, my first encounter.
我最初见到的，是一个病得非常厉害的猩猩宝宝。
4.That evening I came back to the market in the dark and I heard “uhh, uhh,”
当晚我摸黑回到那个市集 我听到“呜，呜”的啜泣声
5.and sure enough I found a dying orangutan baby on a garbage heap.
果然﹐我在垃圾堆上发现一个正在死去的小猩猩。
6.Of course, the cage was salvaged.
笼子被丢弃了
7.I took up the little baby, massaged her, forced her to drink until she finally started breathing normally.
我抱起这小猩猩， 在牠身上揉揉，强迫牠喝点水 直到牠开始正常地呼吸。
8.This is Uce.
这是Ｕce。
9.She’s now living in the jungle of Sungai Wain, and this is Matahari, her second son, which, by the way, is also the son of the second orangutan I rescued, Dodoy.
现在牠住在Sungai Wain保护林区， 而这是Matahari，牠的第二个孩子， 事实上牠也是我救来的第二个红毛猩猩Dodoy的孩子。
10.That changed my life quite dramatically, and as of today, I have almost 1,000 babies in my two centers.
这件事戏剧性地改变了我的生命， 到今天为止，在我的两个中心里，已有将近一千只小猩猩。
11.(Applause) No. No. No. Wrong.
（掌声） 不，不，不。错了。
12.It’s horrible. It’s a proof of our failing to save them in the wild.
这很糟糕。这不过证明我们失败了，我们无法在野外救活牠们。
13.It’s not good.
这很不好。
14.This is merely proof of everyone failing to do the right thing.
这仅表明每个人在他们该做的事上失败了。
15.Having more than all the orangutans in all the zoos in the world together, just now like victims for every baby, six have disappeared from the forest.
几乎所有的红毛猩猩都活在世界上的动物园里， 那些现在受害的猩猩宝宝， 其中已经有六只消失在森林中了。
16.The deforestation, especially for oil palm, to provide biofuel for Western countries is what’s causing these problems.
伐林，尤其是为了栽种油棕榈而滥砍林木， 以提供西方国家生质燃料 是造成这些问题的主因。
17.And those are the peat swamp forests on 20 meters of peat, the largest accumulation of organic material in the world.
这是二十公尺长的泥炭沼泽， 蕴藏世界上最多的有机物质。
18.When you open this for growing oil palms you’re creating CO2 volcanoes that are emitting so much CO2 that my country is now the third largest emitter of greenhouse gasses in the world
开垦泥炭沼泽来种棕榈树 就像制造一座座喷发二氧化碳的火山群 这将会排放非常多的二氧化碳 我的国家已成为全球温室气体排放的第三大国，
19.after China and the United States, and we don’t have any industry at all.
名列中国与美国之后， 而我们却是个毫无工业的国家。
20.Only because of this deforestation.
就只因为滥采森林。
21.And these are horrible images.
这些是可怕的图像。
22.I’m not going to talk too long about it, but there are so many of the family of Uce which are not so fortunate to live out there in that forest
我今天不会花太多时间说这些， 但是有许许多多Uce家庭成员 很不幸地依然住在那森林里
23.that still have to go through that process and I don’t know anymore where to put them.
依然必须经历那过程 而我已不知道要将牠们安置在哪些安全的地方了。
24.So I decided that I had to come up with a solution for her but also a solution that will benefit the people that are trying to exploit those forests,
于是，我决定必须要为牠想出一个解决方案 而这一解决方案 也让采伐森林的人们同样受益
25.to get their hands on the last timber and that are causing, in that way, the loss of habitat and all those victims.
让他们经手最后一片森林 那将会 失去那些受害者与栖息地。
26.So I created the place Samboja Lestari, and the idea was, if I can do this on the worst possible place that I can think of where there is really nothing left,
所以我创造一个叫Samboja Lestari的地方 我的想法是， 如果我可以在我想象的到最糟糕最不可能的地方完成这件事 从一个什么都没有了的地方
27.no one will have an excuse to say, “Yeah, but …”
那么就没有人会有借口说，“对啊，但是…”
28.No. Everyone should be able to follow this.
不会有。这会是每一个人都可以依循的步骤。
29.So we’re in East Borneo. This is the place where I started.
所以我们现在在婆罗洲东部。这是我开始着手的地方。
30.As you can see there’s only yellow terrain there’s nothing left, just a bit of grass there.
诚如你所见到的，这里原先只有一片枯黄荒地 什么也不剩，只剩一丁点儿小草
31.In 2002 we had about 50 percent of the people jobless there.
2002年间我们这里有将近百分之五十的人没有工作
32.There was a huge amount of crime.
存在着为数甚多的犯罪。
33.People spent so much of their money on health issues and drinking water.
当地人在医疗与饮水上花费很多钱
34.There was no agricultural productivity left.
农业生产力所剩无几
35.This was the poorest district in the whole province and it was a total extinction of wildlife.
这是全省最贫穷的区域 所有野生动植物已经完全灭绝
36.This was like a biological desert.
就像生物学上的一片沙漠
37.When I stood there in the grass, it’s hot — not even the sound of insects — just this waving grass.
当我站在这片草地上，我只觉得热 — 那里甚至没有一点儿虫子的声音 — 只剩这些摇动的草。
38.Still, four years later we have created jobs for about 3,000 people.
尽管如此，四年后我们在此提供了３０００个就业机会。
39.The climate has changed. I will show you: no more flooding, no more fires.
那里的气候也改变了。我将为你们展示： 再也没有水灾，再也没有火灾。
40.It’s no longer the poorest district, and there is a huge development of biodiversity.
这里也不再是最贫穷的区域了， 而且此地的生物多样性也得到巨幅地发展。
41.We’ve got over 1,000 species, we have 137 bird species as of today.
我们得到超过一千以上的物种，至今有１３７种鸟类。
42.We have 30 species of reptiles.
我们有３０种爬虫类。
43.So what happened here? We created a huge economic failure in this forest.
所以，这里到底发生了什么事? 我们在森林中制造了巨大的经济损害。
44.So basically the whole process of destruction has gone a bit slower than what is happening now with the oil palm.
基本上这些全部的毁坏过程 已经得到减缓，
45.But we saw the same thing — we had slash and burn agriculture; people cannot afford the fertilizer so they burn the trees and half the minerals available there.
但我们见到一样的事– 我们使用火耕； 人们买不起化肥 所以他们燃烧一半的树木与当地现有一半的矿产。
46.The fires become more frequent and after a while you’re stuck with an area of land where there is no fertility left.
火灾变得经常发生 过一阵子你又被困在一块 完全无法耕种的土地上。
47.There are no trees left.
没有一棵树存留。
48.Still, in this place, in this grassland where you can see our very first office there on that hill, four years later, there is this one green blop on the Earth’s surface …
然而在这个地方，在这片草地上 你可以见到山丘上有我们最初的办公室， 四年下来，一片绿地在地球表面出现了…
49.(Applause) And there is all these animals, and all these people happy, and there’s this economic value.
（掌声） 这里有这些动物，这些快乐的人们， 而且还有经济价值。
50.So how’s this possible?
这怎么可能呢？
51.It was quite simple if you look at the steps: we bought the land, we dealt with the fire, and then only, we started doing the reforestation
如果你看看这步骤，你会发现很简单： 我们买下这块地，处理火灾， 然后开始植林
52.by combining agriculture with forestry.
混合农业与林业。
53.Only then we set up the infrastructure and management and the monetary.
在那时我们建立基础设施、管理、以及财政措施。
54.But we made sure that in every step of the way the local people were going to be fully involved so that no outside forces would be able to interfere with that.
但我们必须确定每一个当地居民 都全然参与计划 这样就没有外部的力量会介入。
55.That the people would become the defenders of that forest.
这使得当地人成为那片林地的保护者。
56.So we do the “people, profit, planet” principles, but we do it in addition — a sure legal status — because if the forest belongs to the state
我们以“人民、利益、地球”的原则， 并且更进一步地 我们建立一个确定的法律地位 因为如果森林属于国家
57.people say it belongs to me, it belongs to everyone.
人们会说，它属于我，它属于每一个人。
58.And then we apply all these other principles like transparency, professional management, measurable results, scalability, reprocability, et cetera.
我们也应用其它原则 比如说透明化、专业评估管理 可扩展性、往复性…等等。
59.What we did was we formulated recipes how to go from a starting situation where you have nothing to a target situation.
我们所做的是制定配方 如何从一开始甚么都没有的情况 向一个目标前进。
60.You formulate a recipe based upon the factors you can control.
你根据可以控制的因素，制定一个配方
61.Whether it be the skills or the fertilizer or the plant choice.
无论选择技术、化肥、或树种。
62.And then you look at the outputs and you start measuring what comes out.
你观测结果，并且测量它。
63.Now in this recipe you also have the cost.
在这配方里你同时包含了成本。
64.You also know how much labor is needed.
你要知道需要付出多少劳动力。
65.If you can drop this recipe on the map on a sandy soil, on a clay soil, on a steep slope, on flat soil, you put those different recipes; if you combine them,
如果你可以把这配方丢在地图上、 在沙质土壤上、在粘土壤上、 在陡峭的斜坡、在平地上的土壤上、 你配置这些不同的食谱；如果将它们结合起来，
66.out of that comes a business plan, comes a work plan, and you can optimize it for the amount of labor you have available or for the amount of fertilizer you have,
从之而来的一个商业计划、 以及从之而来的工作计划，你可以对其进行优化 可以针对现有的可供劳动力、或现有的肥料，
67.and you can do it.
来完成这计划。
68.This is how it looks like in practice. We have this grass we want to get rid of.
这就是实行这个计划所看起来的样子。我们要摆脱这片荒草地。
69.It exudes [unclear]-like compounds from the roots but the Acacia trees are of a very low value but we need them to restore the micro climate, to protect the soil
它从根处散发着化合物 合欢树是一个经济价值非常低的植物 但我们需要它们来恢复微气候，以保护土壤
70.and to shake out the grasses.
并打开这片荒草地。
71.And after eight years they might actually yield some timber, that is, if you can preserve it in the right way, which we can do with bamboo peels.
8年后，这里可能真会产生一些木材， 也就是说，如果你可以以正确的方法维护它， 我们能做出竹子幼芽
72.It’s an old temple-building technique from Japan but bamboo is very fire-susceptible.
这是一个古老发源自日本的建筑庙宇的技术 但竹子非常容易着火。
73.So if we would plant that in the beginning we would have a very high risk of losing everything again.
所以要是我们一开始就种植竹子的话 我们要承担失去一切的高风险
74.So we plant it later, along the waterways to filter the water, provide the raw products just in time for when the timber becomes available.
所以我们晚点儿种它，沿着水道 过滤水，只在木材可供使用时 提供原产品。
75.So the idea is: how to integrate these flows in space, over time and with the limited means you have.
这样的想法是：如何在一定的时间与空间内， 使用有限的工具与策略，汇聚资源。
76.So we plant the trees, we plant these pineapples and beans and ginger in between, to reduce the competition for the trees, the crop fertilizer — organic material is useful for the agricultural crops,
因此我们栽种这些树，栽种菠萝 同时种植豆类和生姜在它们之中，以减少树木与树木之间的竞争， 作物肥料–有机物质是对农作物有益的，
77.for the people, but also helps the trees, the farmers have free land, the system yields early income, the orangutans get healthy food
对人们也是有益的，它也帮助树木生长，农民有免费土地， 系统获得初期收益，红毛猩猩也获得健康食物
78.and we can speed up ecosystem regeneration while even saving some money.
我们可以加快生态系统的再生 这期间甚至也可以省下一些钱。
79.So beautiful. What a theory.
美丽极了。多好的理论。
80.But is it really that easy?
但是，它真的那么容易吗？
81.Not really, because if you looked at what happened in 1998, the fire started.
不见得，因为如果你回顾1998年所发生的事情， 火灾发生了。
82.This is an area of about 50 million hectares.
这是一个面积约5千万公顷的林地。
83.January.
一月。
84.February.
二月。
85.March.
三月。
86.April.
四月。
87.May.
五月。
88.We lost 5.5 million hectares in just a matter of a few months.
我们在短短几个月之内失去了五百五十万公顷的林地。
89.This is because we have 10,000 of those underground fires that you also have in Pennsylvania here in the United States.
因为我们有10,000次左右的这种地下火灾 在美国宾州也有。
90.And once the soil gets dried, you’re in a dry season, you get cracks, oxygen goes in, flames come out and the problem starts all over again.
一旦土壤变得干燥，旱季会出现裂缝， 氧气渗入，火灾随而发生，问题又会重新开始。
91.So how to break that cycle?
因此，如何打破这种循环呢？
92.Fire is the biggest problem.
火灾是最大的问题。
93.This is what it looked like for three months.
这是三个月看起来的样子。
94.For three months, the automatic lights outside did not go off because it was that dark.
三个月间，外头儿的自动照明没有熄灭 因为是那么黑。
95.We lost all the crops, no children gained weight for over a year.
我们失去了所有的作物，一年间没有一个孩子增加体重。
96.They lost 12 IQ points; it was a disaster for orangutans and people.
他们还失去了12点的智商；这对猩猩和人来说 都是一场灾难。
97.So these fires are really the first things to work on.
因此，火灾是首先真正要处理的工作。
98.That was why I put it as a single point up there.
这就是为什么我在这里把它作为一个单一重点。
99.And you need the local people for that because these grasslands, once they start burning, it goes through it like a windstorm and you lose again the last bit of ash and nutrients
您需要当地人民，因为这些草原， 一旦开始燃烧，它就会像一场暴风 使你再度失去最后的灰烬与养分
100.to the first rainfall going to the sea killing off the coral reefs there.
直到第一场雨落到海浬 让珊瑚礁也死去为止。
101.So you have to do it with the local people.
所以，你必须与当地人民一起做。
102.That is the short term solution but you also need a long term solution.
上述仅仅只是短期的解决办法，而你还需要一个长期的解决办法。
103.So what we did is we created a ring of sugar palms around the area.
为此，我们设置了 一个以糖棕榈树围绕出来的一个区域。
104.These sugar palms turn out to be fire-resistant also flood-resistant by the way.
这些糖棕榈树形成一个防火 亦防洪的天然设施。
105.And they provide a lot of income for local people.
并且为当地人民提供了大量的收入。
106.This is how it looks like: the people have to tap them twice a day, just a millimeter slice and the only thing you harvest is sugar water,
这看起来是这样的： 人们只在这些树上刮采几毫米片，一日两次， 仅仅采收糖水，
107.carbon dioxide, rain fall and a little bit of sunshine.
二氧化碳、降雨量和一点点的阳光
108.In principle you make those trees into biological photovoltaic cells.
原则上你使那些树木成为 生物光伏电池。
109.And you can create so much energy from this because they produce three times more energy per hectare per year, because you can tap them on a daily basis.
因为他们每年每公顷可以产出3倍以上的能源， 因为你可以将之用于日常工作， 您可以从这里制造许多的能源。
110.You don’t need to harvest [unclear] or any other of the crops.
您不必采集器官 或任何其它的作物。
111.So this is the combination where we have all this genetic potential in the tropics which is still unexploited, and doing it in combination with technology
因此，这是我们在热带所能有的遗传潜力结合 它尚未被开发，并且正藉由科技整合做着
112.but also your legal side needs to be in very good order.
但此外，你也要有很好的法律知识
113.So we bought that land and here is where we started our project, in the middle of nowhere.
所以我们卖下那整块地 这就是我们开始这项计划的所在之处， 在一片蛮荒之中。
114.And if you zoom in a bit you can see that all of this area is divided into strips that go over different types of soil, and we were actually monitoring,
如果你放大一点，你可以看到所有的这区域 已被不同类型的土壤划分开来， 事实上，我们仔细考虑财务状况
115.measuring every single tree in these 2,000 hectares, 5,000 acres.
测量在这5000顷长，2000顷宽地里的所有树木。
116.And this forest is quite different.
这个森林很不同。
117.What I really did was I just followed nature, and nature doesn’t know monocultures, but a natural forest has multilayers.
我们真正做的只是依自然的性质， 而自然本身是不了解何谓单种栽培的， 且自然森林有多种层次。
118.That means that both in the ground and above the ground it can make better use of the available light, it can store more carbon in the system, it can provide more functions,
这意谓着，森林可以较好地利用 地面以及地面以上的光， 可以在生态系统中储存更多碳，提供更多功能，
119.but it’s more complicated, it’s not that simple and you have to work with the people.
然而这也较为复杂，并不像表面上那么容易，你需要与当地居民合作，一起工作。
120.So what we do is also, just like nature, we grow fast planting trees and underneath that we grow the slower growing, primary-grain forest trees of a very high diversity
所以我们的作法是仿效自然， 种植快速生长的树木，同时在那之下 我们种植生长较为慢的植物，也就是非常高多样性的初级粮作林木
121.that can optimally use that light and then what is just as important: get the right fungi in there that will grow into those leaves, bring back the nutrients
使它们得以较好地利用阳光 同样重要的是：它们得以取得适当的菌类 这些菌类可以附着生长于它们的叶内，从24小时内掉落的叶子
122.to the roots of the trees that have just dropped that leaf within 24 hours.
中带养分回树根之中。
123.And they become like nutrient pumps and you need the bacteria to fix nitrogen, and without those microorganisms, you won’t have any performance at all.
他们会成为养分泵 而你也需要土壤中的固氮微生物 若少了这些微生物，你将不会有任何成果。
124.And then we started planting — only 1,000 trees a day.
接着，我们着手开始植林 — 一天只栽种1000棵树。
125.We could have planted many, many more, but we didn’t want to because we wanted to keep the number of jobs stable.
事实上我们可以栽种更多，但我们不想 因为我们希望保持稳定的就业数量。
126.We didn’t want to lose the people that are going to work in that plantation.
我们不希望失去人 他们要在林业上工作。
127.And we do a lot of work here.
而我们有许多工作要做。
128.We use indicator plants to look what soil types, or what vegetables will grow, or what trees will grow here.
我们使用指标性植物观测土壤类型， 看看什么植物或什么树种会生长出来。
129.And we have monitored every single one of those trees from space.
我们在这区域内已经监测了每一棵树。
130.This is what it looks like in real, you have this irregular ring around it, with strips of 100 meters wide with sugar palms that can provide income for 648 families.
这是它现实中看起来的样子， 你在这周围有不规则环， 100公尺宽的的环带内种植的是糖棕榈 可以提供648个家庭生计。
131.It’s only a small part of the area.
这只是此区域的一个小部分。
132.The nursery, in here, is quite different.
这里的培植区是相当不同的。
133.If you look at the number of tree species we have in Europe, for instance, from the Urals up to England, you know how many?
如果你看我们树木种类的树木，比如说欧洲好了， 从俄罗斯的乌拉尔到英格兰，你知道有多少吗？
134.165.
165。
135.In this nursery, we’re going to grow 10 times more the number of species.
在这里的培植区，我们要种植10倍以上的树种。
136.Can you imagine?
你们能想象吗？
137.You do need to know what you are working with, but it’s that diversity which makes it work.
你必须知道你正在做什么， 但恰恰是多样性使计划得以运作。
138.That you can go from this zero situation, by planting the vegetables and the trees, or directly the trees, in the lines in that grass there,
使你可以从零开始， 借着种植蔬菜与树木，或着直接栽种树木， 在那草原线上，
139.putting up the buffer zone, producing your compost, and then making sure that at every stage of that upgrowing forest there are crops that can be used.
设置缓冲区，生产堆肥， 然后，确保正在成长的森林的每一个阶段 都有庄稼可供使用。
140.In the beginning, maybe pineapples and beans and corn.
一开始，可能先是菠萝、苹果、和玉米。
141.In the second phase, there will be bananas and papayas.
第二阶段，会有香蕉和木瓜。
142.Later on, there will be chocolate and chilis.
接着，会有椰子和辣椒。
143.And then slowly, the trees start taking over, bringing in produce, from the fruits, from the timber, from the fuel wood.
然后慢慢地，树木开始接管， 从水果、从木材、从薪柴，带来产出，
144.And finally, the sugar palm forest takes over and provides the people with permanent income.
最终，糖棕榈接管 供给人们永久的收入。
145.On the top left, underneath those green stripes, you see some white dots — those are actually individual pineapple plants that you can see from space.
在左上角，下面这些绿色条纹， 你看到一些白点 — 这些实际上是个别的菠萝树 你可以从太空中看见
146.And in that area we started growing some acacia trees that you just saw before.
在这些区域，我们开始栽种越来越多的合欢树 如同你们之前所见到的
147.So this is after one year.
这是一年后的样子。
148.And this is after two years.
这是两年后。
149.And that’s green, if you look from the tower, this is when we start attacking the grass.
如果你从电塔看过去 这是我们开始着手的地方。
150.We plant in the seedlings mixed with the bananas, the papayas, all the crops for the local people, but the trees are growing up fast in between as well.
我们栽种幼苗 混合香蕉、番木瓜、以及所有当地居民的作物， 但同时树木也在它们之间快速成长