WilliamMcDonough_「从摇篮到摇篮」理念【中英文对照】

1.In 1962, with Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring,”
1962 年，雷切尔·卡森写出了《寂静的春天》一书，
2.I think for people like me in the world of the making of things, the canary in the mine wasn’t singing.
对像我这样创作物品领域的人而言， 矿坑中的黄丝雀不唱歌了。
3.And so the question that we might not have birds became kind of fundamental to those of us wandering around looking for the meadowlarks that seemed to have all disappeared.
因此，“可能不再有鸟类”这个问题， 对四处找寻似已消失的北美野云雀的我们 变得至为根本。
4.And the question was, were the birds singing?
问题原本是：鸟在唱歌吗？
5.Now, I’m not a scientist, that’ll be really clear.
我不是科学家，这一点是很明白的。
6.But, you know, we’ve just come from this discussion of what a bird might be.
但是，我们刚刚才讨论过「鸟」可能是什么。
7.What is a bird?
什么是「鸟」？
8.Well, in my world, this is a rubber duck.
在我的世界，这是个塑料鸭。
9.It comes in California with a warning — “This product contains chemicals known by the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.”
它来自加州，附有警告： 「此产品含有加州政府认定会 造成癌症、畸胎、或其他生育伤害的化学物质。」
10.This is a bird.
这是一只鸟。
11.What kind of culture would produce a product of this kind and then label it and sell it to children?
怎样的文化会制造这种产品， 标示后，又卖给儿童？
12.I think we have a design problem.
我想我们有设计的问题。
13.Someone heard the six hours of talk that I gave called “The Monticello Dialogues” on NPR, and sent me this as a thank you note — “We realize that design is a signal of intention,
有人听了我在全国公共电台讲六小时的 「蒙提切罗对话」后，寄给我这个感谢词： 「我们体认到设计是意图的信号，
14.but it also has to occur within a world, and we have to understand that world in order to imbue our designs with inherent intelligence,
而它也必须发生在世界里， 我们必须明白那个世界， 以便使固有的智能注入我们的设计，
15.and so as we look back at the basic state of affairs in which we design, we, in a way, need to go to the primordial condition to understand the operating system and the frame conditions of a planet,
因此当我们回顾我们所设计 事物的基本状态，我们有必要回到原始条件 去了解星球的运行系统及架构条件，
16.and I think the exciting part of that is the good news that’s there, because the news is the news of abundance, and not the news of limits,
我认为有个令人振奋的部分，即那里存有好的消息， 因为该消息是充裕的消息， 而不是稀少的消息，
17.and I think as our culture tortures itself now with tyrannies and concerns over limits and fear, we can add this other dimension of abundance that is coherent,
而我认为既然我们的文化现在如此残暴自虐， 并对稀少及恐惧如此关切， 我们可加上这充裕的另一面向，它是稳固的、
18.driven by the sun, and start to imagine what that would be like to share.”
由太阳驱动的，然后开始想象 分享会是什么样子。」
19.That was a nice thing to get.
收到这个感觉不错。
20.That was one sentence.
它只是一句话。
21.Henry James would be proud.
亨利詹姆斯将会感到骄傲。
22.This is — I put it down at the bottom, but that was extemporaneous, obviously.
我把它放在投影片底下， 但显然，这是一时兴起的。
23.The fundamental issue is that, for me, design is the first signal of human intentions.
在我看来，根本的议题是， 设计是人类意图的第一个信号。
24.So what are our intentions, and what would our intentions be — if we wake up in the morning, we have designs on the world — well, what would our intention be as a species
那么，我们的意图是什么，我们的意图会怎样 — 如果我们早上醒来，我们设计着这个世界 — 身为一个物种，我们的意图是什么？
25.now that we’re the dominant species?
既然我们是优势物种。
26.And it’s not just stewardship and dominion debate, because really, dominion is implicit in stewardship — because how could you dominate something you had killed?
而那不只是掌理和统领的辩论， 因为说真的，统领意味着掌理 — 因为你如何统领你杀死的东西？
27.And stewardship’s implicit in dominion, because you can’t be steward of something if you can’t dominate it.
而掌理也意味着统领， 因为你无法掌理事情，如果你无法统领它。
28.So the question is, what is the first question for designers?
因此，问题是：设计师的第一道问题是什么？
29.Now as guardians — let’s say the state, for example, which reserves the right to kill, the right to be duplicitous and so on — the question we’re asking the guardian at this point is
现在身为守护者 — 例如国家， 它拥有杀人、欺蒙等权利 — 现在我们问守护者的问题是：
30.are we meant, how are we meant, to secure local societies, create world peace and save the environment?
我们是否有意、或我们打算如何 去保障地区社会、缔造世界和平 及拯救环境？
31.But I don’t know that that’s the common debate.
但是我不知道这是个常见的争论。
32.Commerce, on the other hand, is relatively quick, essentially creative, highly effective and efficient, and fundamentally honest, because we can’t exchange
另一方面，商业相对而言是快速的、 本质上有创意、效率高、 且基本上是诚实的，因为如果没有互信
33.value for very long if we don’t trust each other.
我们很难保持企业的永续经营。
34.So we use the tools of commerce primarily for our work, but the question we bring to it is, how do we love all the children of all species for all time?
因此，我们基本上使用商业工具来工作， 但我们问它的问题是： 我们要如何珍爱所有物种及其后代直到永远？
35.And so we start our designs with that question.
因此我们以这个问题开始设计。
36.Because what we realize today is that modern culture appears to have adopted a strategy of tragedy.
因为今天我们了解的是现代文化 采用的策略会导致悲剧。
37.If we come here and say, “Well, I didn’t intend to cause global warming on the way here,”
如果我们到现在还说：「嗯，我未料到 会造成这样的全球暖化」，
38.and we say, “That’s not part of my plan,”
并且说：「那不是我原本的计划」，
39.then we realize it’s part of our de facto plan.
则我们知道，事实上这是我们所导致的后果。
40.Because it’s the thing that’s happening because we have no other plan.
因为我们缺乏其他配套措施，才导致这些事的发生。
41.And I was at the White House for President Bush, meeting with every federal department and agency, and I pointed out that they appear to have no plan.
布什总统请我到白宫 与联邦各部门开会， 我指出他们好像没有计划。
42.If the end game is global warming, they’re doing great.
如果结局是要全球暖化，他们干得很好。
43.If the end game is mercury toxification of our children downwind of coal fire plants as they scuttled the Clean Air Act, then I see that our education programs should be explicitly defined as,
如果结局是火力发电厂下风处儿童的汞中毒， 因为他们扼杀了清净空气法案， 因而我认为我们的教育方案应该重新订定为：
44.”Brain death for all children, no child left behind.”
「全部儿童脑死，一个不留」。
45.(Applause) So, the question is, how many federal officials are ready to move to Ohio and Pennsylvania with their families?
（掌声） 所以，问题是：有几个联邦官员 准备好带着家人移居到俄亥俄州和宾州？
46.So if you don’t have an endgame of something delightful, then you’re just moving chess pieces around, if you don’t know you’re taking the king.
因此如果你没有能让人愉悦的目的， 那么你就如无头苍蝇四处乱窜， 因为你看不到目标。
47.So perhaps we could develop a strategy of change, which requires humility. And in my business as an architect, it’s unfortunate the word humility and the word architect
因此也许我们可以想出一个策略来改变， 那需要谦虚。在我从事的建筑师行业中， 佷不幸地，「谦虚」和「建筑师」这两个词，
48.have not appeared in the same paragraph since “The Fountainhead.”
从兰德的 《源泉》 一书后，就不曾在同段文字出现过。
49.So if anybody here has trouble with the concept of design humility, reflect on this — it took us 5000 years to put wheels on our luggage.
在场如果有人对这个「设计师的谦虚」概念有疑问， 听听这句话：我们花了 5000 年 才为行李箱装上轮子。
50.So, as Kevin Kelly pointed out, there is no endgame.
因此，诚如 Kevin Kelly 所说，没有结局。
51.There is an infinite game, and we’re playing in that infinite game.
是个无止境的赛局，我们身处在这个无止境的赛局中。
52.And so we call it “cradle to cradle,”
因此称它为「从摇篮到摇篮」，
53.and our goal is very simple.
我们的目标非常单纯。
54.This is what I presented to the White House.
这是我对白宫的简报。
55.Our goal is a delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world, with clean air, clean water, soil and power — economically, equitably, ecologically and elegantly enjoyed, period.
我们的目标是一个快乐而多元的、安全的、健康的及正义的世界， 有着清净的空气、清净的水、土壤和电力 — 经济地、均衡地、环保地及优雅地享用。
56.(Applause) What don’t you like about this?
（掌声） 这句话中你有不喜欢的地方吗？
57.Which part of this don’t you like?
哪一部分你不喜欢？
58.So we realized we want full diversity, even though it can be difficult to remember what De Gaulle said when asked what it was like to be President of France.
所以我们要充分多元， 即使记不住戴高乐被问及 「当法国总统的感觉如何」时说了什么。
59.He said, “What do you think it’s like trying to run a country with 400 kinds of cheese?”
他说：「你认为经营有 400 种奶酪的国家感觉如何？」
60.But at the same time, we realize that our products are not safe and healthy.
但同时，我们知道我们的产品并不安全及健康。
61.So we’ve designed products and we analyzed chemicals down to the parts per million.
因此当我们设计出了产品， 我们微量分析其化学成份。
62.This is a baby blanket by Pendleton that will give your child nutrition instead of Alzheimer’s later in life.
这是Pendleton 公司的婴儿毯，它给你的小孩养分 而不是导致孩子到老了就患上老年痴呆症。
63.We can ask ourselves, what is justice, and is justice blind, or is justice blindness?
我们可以自问，何谓正义、 正义是否盲了、或正义就是盲目？
64.And at what point did that uniform turn from white to black?
何时她的制服由白变黑？
65.Water has been declared a human right by the United Nations.
联合国已经宣布了水资源同样具有人权。
66.Air quality is an obvious thing to anyone who breathes.
干净的空气对每个需要呼吸的人是明显的事。
67.Is there anybody here who doesn’t breathe?
这里有人不需要呼吸吗？
68.Clean soil is a critical problem — the nitrification, the dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
干净的土壤是个关键问题 — 土壤硝化、 墨西哥湾的死亡区。
69.A fundamental issue that’s not being addressed.
全是未处理的基本议题。
70.We’ve seen the first form of solar energy that’s beat the hegemony of fossil fuels in the form of wind here in the Great Plains, and so that hegemony is leaving.
我们已看到太阳能首先以风的形式 在在北美大平原区打败了石化燃料的统治， 因此石化业者逐渐退出市场。
71.And if we remember Sheikh Yamani when he formed OPEC, they asked him, “When will we see the end of the age of oil?”
如果我们记得当亚玛尼亲王在成立石油输出国组织时， 有人问他：?石油时代何时会结束？?
72.I don’t know if you remember his answer, but it was, “The Stone Age didn’t end because we ran out of stones.”
不知你是否记得他的回答，他说： ?石器时代不是因为我们用完石头才结束的。?
73.We see that companies acting ethically in this world are outperforming those that don’t.
我们看到世界上行为合于伦理的公司 表现胜过那些不合伦理的。
74.We see the flows of materials in a rather terrifying prospect.
我们看到材料流的前景可虑。
75.This is a hospital monitor from Los Angeles, sent to China.
这是医院的显示器，从洛杉矶运到中国去。
76.This woman will expose herself to toxic phosphorous, release four pounds of toxic lead into her childrens’ environment, which is from copper.
这个妇人将接触有毒的磷， 放出四磅有毒的铅到她子孙的环境中， 那是从铜来的。
77.On the other hand, we see great signs of hope.
另方面，我们看到希望的大好迹象。
78.Here’s Dr. Venkataswamy in India, who’s figured out how to do mass-produced health.
这是印度的 Venkataswamy 医师， 他想出了大量保健的方法。
79.He has given eyesight to two million people for free.
他免费替 200 万人矫正视力。
80.We see in our material flows that car steels don’t become car steel again because of the contaminants of the coatings — bismuth, antimony, copper and so on.
从材料流我们发现，汽车钢材不能再当汽车钢材， 因为它的涂装含有： 铋、锑、铜、等等污染物。
81.They become building steel.
所以它们变成了建材。
82.On the other hand, we’re working with Berkshire Hathaway, Warren Buffett and Shaw Carpet, the largest carpet company in the world.
另一方面，我们和 Berkshire Hathaway, Warren Buffett and Shaw Carpet 公司合作， 它是世界最大的地毯公司。
83.We’ve developed a carpet that is continuously recyclable, down to the parts per million.
我们已开发了一种可持续循环利用的地毯， 达到百万分之一的层次。
84.The upper is Nylon 6 that can go back to caprolactam, the bottom, a polyolephine — infinitely recyclable thermoplastic.
上层是尼龙6，那可回收为己内酰胺， 底层是聚烯烃 — 一种可无限次回收的热塑性塑料。
85.Now if I was a bird, the building on my left is a liability.
如果我是鸟，左边的建筑对我是危险的。
86.The building on my right, which is our corporate campus for The Gap with an ancient meadow, is an asset — its nesting grounds.
右边的建筑是我们为 The Gap 公司建的企业园区， 屋顶上有原始的草原，将会成为我的是一项资产 — 筑巢的好地方。
87.Here’s where I come from. I grew up in Hong Kong, with six million people in 40 square miles.
这是我的故乡。我在香港长大： 600 万人住在 40 平方英哩土地上。
88.During the dry season, we had four hours of water every fourth day.
旱季里，每四天只供水四小时。
89.And the relationship to landscape was that of farmers who have been farming the same piece of ground for 40 centuries.
与土地的关系是这样的： 农民在同一块地耕种了 4000 年。
90.You can’t farm the same piece of ground for 40 centuries without understanding nutrient flow.
你不可能耕种同一块土地 4000 年 而不知它的养分流向。
91.My childhood summers were in the Puget Sound of Washington, among the first growth and big growth.
我的童年夏日在华盛顿普捷湾度过， 徜徉在初生及茁壮的树林里。
92.My grandfather had been a lumberjack in the Olympics, so I have a lot of tree karma I am working off.
我祖父曾是奥林匹克伐木工， 因此我背负许多树木业障，正在设法消除。
93.I went to Yale for graduate school, studied in a building of this style by Le Corbusier, affectionately known in our business as Brutalism.
我在耶鲁大学读研究所， 在这一栋柯比意风格的大楼里读书， 我们这行感性地称它是「粗野主义」。
94.If we look at the world of architecture, we see with Mies’ 1928 tower for Berlin, the question might be, “Well, where’s the sun?”
如果我们看看建筑的世界， 我们看到密斯 1928 年的柏林高塔， 问题可能是：?太阳在哪里？?
95.And this might have worked in Berlin, but we built it in Houston, and the windows are all closed. And with most products appearing not to have been designed for indoor use,
这也许对柏林可行，但我们把它盖在休斯敦， 窗子全关着。并由于大部分产品 显然不是设计供室内使用，
96.this is actually a vertical gas chamber.
这实质上是一个垂直的毒气室。
97.When I went to Yale, we had the first energy crisis, and I was designing the first solar-heated house in Ireland as a student, which I then built —
我在耶鲁时，正逢第一次能源危机， 我设计了爱尔兰的第一个太阳能暖气房子， 当时我是学生，建了那房子 —
98.which would give you a sense of my ambition.
这让你感受到我的雄心。
99.And Richard Meiers, who was one of my teachers, kept coming over to my desk to give me criticism, and he would say, “Bill, you’ve got to understand- —
Richard Meiers 是我的老师之一 ， 常来我桌前批评我， 他会说：?比尔，你要明白 —
100.solar energy has nothing to do with architecture.”
太阳能和建筑没什么关系。?
101.I guess he didn’t read Vitruvius.
我猜他没有读过维特鲁威。
102.In 1984, we did the first so-called “green office” in America for Environmental Defense.
1984 年，我们设计了美国第一栋所谓的「绿色办公室」， 为环保局设计的。
103.We started asking manufacturers what were in their materials.
我们开始问生产商他们材料的成分。
104.They said, “They’re proprietary, they’re legal, go away.”
他们说：「它们都是适宜的，它们都合法，滚开吧。」
105.The only indoor quality work done in this country at that time was sponsored by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and it was to prove there was no danger
当时全国唯一的室内质量研究 是由 R.J. Reynolds 烟草公司所赞助， 研究目的是要证明
106.from secondhand smoke in the workplace.
工作区的二手烟是无害的。
107.So, all of a sudden, here I am, graduating from high school in 1969, and this happens, and we realize that “away” went away.
因此，突然间，1969 年我从高中毕业， 事情发生了，我们知道「丢弃」离我们而去了。
108.Remember we used to throw things away, and we’d point to away?
记得我们习惯抛弃物品、我们有理由抛弃？
109.And yet, NOAA has now shown us, for example — you see that little blue thing above Hawaii?
而美国海洋及大气管理局的数据显示，像这个 — 看到夏威夷上方的那块蓝色吗？
110.That’s the Pacific Gyre.
那是太平洋环流。
111.It was recently dragged for plankton by scientists, and they found six times as much plastic as plankton.
科学家近来抽取那边的浮游生物， 他们发现六倍于浮游生物的塑料。
112.When asked, they said, “It’s kind of like a giant toilet that doesn’t flush.”
被问到此事，他们说：「就像个阻塞的巨型马桶。」
113.Perhaps that’s away.
也许这就是抛弃。
114.So we’re looking for the design rules of this — this is the highest biodiversity of trees in the world, Irian Jaya, 259 species of tree, and we described this
因此我们在找寻设计规则 — 这是世界上最具多样性的树林，伊利安查亚， 259 个树种，在「从摇篮到摇篮」
115.in the book, “Cradle to Cradle.”
书中有提到。
116.The book itself is a polymer. It is not a tree.
那本书用的纸是聚合物。它不使用树木。
117.That’s the name of the first chapter — “This Book is Not a Tree.”
书的第一章就叫做「这本书不是一棵树」。
118.Because in poetics, as Margaret Atwood pointed out, “we write our history on the skin of fish with the blood of bears.”
在诗里，玛格丽特爱特伍德写着： 「我们把历史写在鱼皮上 用熊的血写。」
119.And with so much polymer, what we really need is technical nutrition, and to use something as elegant as a tree — imagine this design assignment:
用了那么多聚合物，我们真正需要的是技术养分， 并使用像树一样优雅的东西 — 想想这样的一个设计习题：
120.Design something that makes oxygen, sequesters carbon, fixes nitrogen, distills water, accrues solar energy as fuel, makes complex sugars and food, creates microclimates,
设计一样东西会造氧、固碳、 固氮、滤水、储存太阳能为燃料、 制造复合醣和食物、建立微型气候、
121.changes colors with the seasons and self-replicates.
随季节变色并能自我复制。
122.Well, why don’t we knock that down and write on it?
那么，让我们砍了它并用它来书写吧？
123.(Laughter) So, we’re looking at the same criteria as most people — you know, can I afford it?
（笑声） 因此，我们看的基准和大部分人 是一样的 — 如：我付担得起吗？
124.Does it work? Do I like it?
它有效吗？我喜欢它吗？
125.We’re adding the Jeffersonian agenda, and I come from Charlottesville, where I’ve had the privilege of living in a house designed by Thomas Jefferson.
我们更加上杰斐逊目标，因为我来自夏洛特斯维尔， 那儿我有幸住托马斯杰斐逊设计的房子。
126.We’re adding life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
我们加上生命、自由和追求幸福。
127.Now if we look at the word competition, I’m sure most of you’ve used it.
如果我们来看竞争这个字， 我相信你们都用过它。
128.You know, most people don’t realize it comes from the Latin competere, which means strive together.
你知道吗，大部分人不知道它来自 拉丁文 competare，意思是一起奋斗。
129.It means the way Olympic athletes train with each other.
就是奥林匹克运动员彼此训练的方式。
130.They get fit together, and then they compete.
他们一起锻练体能，然后竞争。
131.The Williams sisters compete — one wins Wimbledon.
威廉斯姐妹竞争 — 一人赢得温布尔登网球赛。
132.So we’ve been looking at the idea of competition as a way of cooperating in order to get fit together.
因此我们一直在检视竞争的概念， 一种一起向前迈进的合作概念。
133.And the Chinese government has now — I work with the Chinese government now — has taken this up.
而目前中国政府 — 我替中国政府工作 — 已采取了这个方式。
134.We’re also looking at survival of the fittest, not in just competition terms in our modern context of destroy the other or beat them to the ground,
我们也检视「适者生存」， 不是用在我们现代的竞争方式 去把对方毁掉或打倒，
135.but really to fit together and build niches and have growth that is good.
而是一起适应、建立利基 并一起成长，那样很好。
136.Now most environmentalists don’t say growth is good, because, in our lexicon, asphalt is two words: assigning blame.
现在大部分环保人士不说成长是好的， 因为在我们的字典里，沥青是受责难的字眼。
137.But if we look at asphalt as our growth, then we realize that all we’re doing is destroying the planetary’s fundamental underlying operating system.
但如果我们视沥青为我们的成长， 则我们体认到我们所做的是在破坏 地球的基本运作系统。
138.So when we see E equals mc squared come along, from a poet’s perspective, we see energy as physics, chemistry as mass, and all of a sudden, you get this biology.
因此，当我们以诗人的观点看待 E 等于 MC 平方， 我们看能量是物理、化学是质量， 突然间，你得到生物学。
139.And we have plenty of energy, so we’ll solve that problem, but the biology problem’s tricky, because as we put through all these toxic materials that we disgorge,
我们有的是能量，所以我们会解决问题， 但生物学的问题是微妙的，因为当我们处置了 排出的有毒材料，
140.we will never be able to recover that.
我们将永远无法恢复它。
141.And as Francis Crick pointed out, nine years after discovering DNA with Mr. Watson, that life itself has to have growth as a precondition —
诚如弗朗西斯克里克所指出， 在和华生发现 DNA 后九年， 生命要能成长的前提是 —
142.it has to have free energy, sunlight and it needs to be an open system of chemicals.
它要有免费能源、阳光 且它应是一个化学物质的开放系统。
143.So we’re asking for human artifice to become a living thing, and we want growth, we want free energy from sunlight and we want an open metabolism for chemicals.
因此，我们要把人造物品变成生命体， 我们要成长，我们要来自太阳的免费能源 我们要化学物质的开放式代谢系统。
144.Then, the question becomes not growth or no growth, but what do you want to grow?
接着，「长或不长」就已经不是问题了， 而是：你要长成什么？