MartinSeligman_积极心理学【中英文对照】

1.When I was president of the American Psychological Association they tried to media-train me, and an encounter I had with CNN summarizes what I’m going to be talking about today,
我在美国心理学会担任主席的时候 有人想训练我如何应对媒体 我在CNN做节目的一次经历 正好可以概括今天我要谈论的话题
2.which is the “11th reason to be optimistic.”
就是人们应该积极乐观的第11个理由
3.The editor of Discover told us 10 of them, I’m going to give you the 11th.
Discover的编辑告诉了我们前10个理由 我要来告诉你们第11个
4.So they came to me, CNN, and they said, “Professor Seligman, would you tell us about the state of psychology today?
当时CNN的人找到我，对我说：赛利格曼教授， 您能不能跟我们谈谈心理学发展的现状？
5.We’d like to interview you about that.” And I said, “Great.”
我们想采访你在这方面的看法。我便说：好啊
6.And she said, “But this is CNN, so you only get a sound bite.”
她说：可是这是CNN，所以你只能很精练地讲一小段话
7.So I said, “Well, how many words do I get?”
我便说：那么我究竟能讲几个字？
8.And she said, “Well, one.”
她说：一个字
9.(Laughter) And cameras rolled, and she said, “Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?”
（笑声） 随后摄像机开拍，她说：塞利格曼教授 心理学发展的现状如何?
10.”Good.”
好
11.(Laughter) “Cut. Cut. That won’t do.
（笑声） 停，停，这样不行
12.We’d really better give you a longer sound bite.”
我们应该让你讲长一点
13.”Well, how many words do I get this time?” “I think, well, you get two.
那么这次我能讲几个字呢？我看，你讲两个字吧
14.Doctor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?”
塞利格曼博士，心理学发展的现状如何？
15.”Not good.”
“不好。”
16.(Laughter) “Look, Doctor Seligman, we can see you’re really not comfortable in this medium.
（笑声） 听我说，塞利格曼博士 我们知道你在这种媒体场合不太适应
17.We’d better give you a real sound bite.
我们决定给足你时间
18.This time you can have three words.
这次你可以说三个字
19.Professor Seligman, what is the state of psychology today?”
塞利格曼教授，心理学发展的现状如何？
20.”Not good enough.” And that’s what I’m going to be talking about.
不够好，这也就是我今天想谈论的话题
21.I want to say why psychology was good, why it was not good and how it may become, in the next 10 years, good enough.
我想谈谈为什么说心理学既好，又不好 以及心理学在未来10年里如何可以变得足够好
22.And by parallel summary, I want to say the same thing about technology, about entertainment, and design, because I think the issues are very similar.
同时我也想谈一谈技术 娱乐和设计，因为这些领域发展状况和心理学相似
23.So why was psychology good?
那么，为什么说心理学的现状好呢？
24.Well, for more than 60 years, psychology worked within the disease model.
因为在过去60多年里，心理学建立起了一个疾病模型
25.10 years ago, when I was on an airplane and I introduced myself to my seat mate, and told them what I did, they’d move away from me.
10年前，坐飞机的时候 我向邻座自我介绍，告诉他们我的职业 他们会挪得离我远一点
26.And because, quite rightly, they were saying psychology is about finding what’s wrong with you. “Spot the loony.”
因为他们认为，也有理由认为 心理学的目标就是找出你哪里有问题，找出谁是疯子
27.And now when I tell people what I do, they move toward me.
而现在如果我告诉人们我的职业，他们会想凑近我
28.And what was good about psychology, about the 30 billion dollar investment NIMH made, about working in the disease model, about what you mean by psychology,
心理学好在哪里 美国国家精神卫生研究所投资300亿美元的效果在哪里 建立疾病模型的效果在哪里 心理学自身的意义好在哪里
29.is that 60 years ago none of the disorders were treatable — it was entirely smoke and mirrors.
就在于60年前所有失调都没办法治疗 人们毫无办法
30.And now 14 of the disorders are treatable, two of them actually curable.
而现在其中有14种都可以治疗 其中2种还可以治愈
31.And the other thing that happened is that a science developed, a science of mental illness.
另一点是一门科学发展起来了 一门研究精神疾病的科学
32.That we found out that we could take fuzzy concepts like depression, alcoholism, and measure them with rigor.
我们发现我们可以对抑郁、酗酒这些模糊的概念 进行精确的测量
33.That we could create a classification of the mental illnesses.
我们可以对精神疾病进行分类
34.That we could understand the causality of the mental illnesses.
我们可以了解精神疾病的前因后果
35.We could look across time at the same people — people, for example, who were genetically vulnerable to schizophrenia, and ask what the contribution of mothering, of genetics are,
我们可以在很长的时间跨度里观察一些人 比如在基因上对精神分裂症易感的人群 我们想知道后天照顾和先天基因在这其中扮演的角色
36.and we could isolate third variables by doing experiments on the mental illnesses.
我们可以通过对这个精神疾病的实验 分离出导致精神疾病的变量
37.And best of all, we were able, in the last 50 years, to invent drug treatments and psychological treatments, and then we were able to test them rigorously
最棒的一点是，在过去50年里 我们发明了药物疗法和心理疗法 并且我们可以通过安慰剂对照组实验
38.in random assignment placebo-controlled designs — throw out the things that didn’t work, keep the things that actively did.
对这些疗法进行精确的测试 把没用的去掉，留下有用的
39.And the conclusion of that is that psychology and psychiatry, over the last 60 years, can actually claim that we can make miserable people less miserable.
结论是：在过去的60年里，心理学和精神病学研究 真的可以为痛苦的人减少痛苦
40.And I think that’s terrific. I’m proud of it.
我觉得这非常棒，我为此感到自豪
41.But what was not good, the consequences of that, were three things.
但这也带来不好的东西，例如以下三个后果
42.The first was moral — that psychologists and psychiatrists became victimologists, pathologizers; that our view of human nature was that if you were in trouble, it meant bricks fell on you.
第一个是道德上的 心理学家和精神病学家把人当作受害者研究、把人病态化 我们一度认为人在疾病面前无能为力
43.And we forgot that people made choices and decisions.
我们忘了人们是会做选择、做决定的
44.We forgot responsibility. That was the first cost.
我们忘记了人是可以承担责任的，这是第一个代价
45.The second cost was that we forgot about you people.
第二根损失是我们忘记了你们这些人
46.We forgot about improving normal lives.
我们忘记了要去提高正常人的生活
47.We forgot about a mission to make relatively untroubled people happier, more fulfilled, more productive, and “genius,” “high-talent,” became a dirty word.
我们忘了使正常人更快乐、更充实、更有成就 天才、高智商变成了贬义词
48.No one works on that.
没有人去研究天才了
49.And the third problem about the disease model is, in our rush to do something about people in trouble, in our rush to do something about repairing damage,
疾病模型的第三个问题 是我们急于帮助得病的人 我们匆忙地去修补损伤
50.it never occurred to us to develop interventions to make people happier, positive interventions.
我们从没想过要发展干预措施、积极的干预措施 让人们更加快乐
51.So that was not good.
这是不好的
52.And so that’s what led people like Nancy Etcoff, Dan Gilbert, Mike Csikszentmihalyi and myself to work in something I call positive psychology,
正因为如此，南茜?艾特柯夫、丹?吉尔伯特、迈克?齐克森米哈里还有我本人 会去研究我称作“积极心理学”的这个领域
53.which has three aims.
积极心理学有三个目标
54.The first is that psychology should be just as concerned with human strength as it is with weakness.
第一是心理学不仅要关注人的弱点 还要关注人的优势
55.It should be just as concerned with building strength as with repairing damage.
不仅要致力于修复损伤，还要致力于给人力量
56.It should be interested in the best things in life, and it should be just as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling
应该对生活中最好的东西感兴趣 应该在关注病人的同时
57.and concerned with genius, and with nurturing high-talent.
努力让正常人以及“天才”们的生活更加美好
58.So in the last 10 years and the hope for the future, we’ve seen the beginnings of a science of positive psychology: a science of what makes life worth living.
我们希望积极心理学在未来能像过去10年这样 作为一门科学逐渐发展起来 这门科学研究什么让生活变得值得一过
59.It turns out that we can measure different forms of happiness.
研究发现我们可以测量不同形式的幸福
60.And any of you, for free, can go to that website and take the entire panoply of tests of happiness.
你们中的每一位都可以免费去那个网站authentichappiness.org 去做那里各种各样的幸福感测试
61.You can ask, how do you stack up for positive emotion, for meaning, for flow, against literally tens of thousands of other people?
你们可以看看自己在积极情绪、幸福感、“心流”方面的得分 并和其他数万人进行比较
62.We created the opposite of the diagnostic manual of the insanities: a classification of the strengths and virtues that looks at the sex ratio,
我们创造了和精神障碍诊断与统计相反的标准 我们对人的优势和优点进行性别上的分类
63.how they’re defined, how to diagnose them, what builds them and what gets in their way.
研究它们的定义、诊断方式 它们的构造、它们面临的障碍
64.We found that we could discover the causation of the positive states, the relationship between left hemispheric activity and right hemispheric activity as a cause of happiness.
我们发现我们可以找到积极状态的来源 存在于左半脑活动 和右半脑活动之间的联系
65.I’ve spent my life working on extremely miserable people, and I’ve asked the question, how do extremely miserable people differ from the rest of you?
我一辈子都在帮助特别痛苦的人 我一直想知道 特别痛苦的人和其他人有什么区别？
66.And starting about six years ago, we asked about extremely happy people, and how do they differ from the rest of us?
大约六年前，我们转而问 特别幸福的人和其他人有什么区别？
67.And it turns out there’s one way.
结果是只有一个区别
68.They’re not more religious, they’re not in better shape, they don’t have more money, they’re not better-looking, they don’t have more good events and fewer bad events.
他们不比别人更笃信宗教，身材不比别人好 他们不比别人富裕，也不比别人好看 他们的生活中并不是成功比挫折多
69.The one way in which they differ: they’re extremely social.
他们唯一的区别是非常善于和人相处
70.They don’t sit in seminars on Saturday morning.
他们不喜欢在星期六早晨去上研讨班
71.(Laughter) They don’t spend time alone.
（笑声） 他们很少一个人待着
72.Each of them is in a romantic relationship and each has a rich repertoire of friends.
他们每个人都沉浸在浪漫的爱情里 每个人都有很多朋友
73.But watch out here. This is merely correlational data, not causal, and it’s about happiness in the first Hollywood sense I’m going to talk about:
但是要小心，刚才这些数据只是互相关联，并不是因果关系 而且他们的幸福都是好莱坞式的幸福
74.happiness of ebullience and giggling and good cheer.
即开怀大笑式的幸福
75.And I’m going to suggest to you that’s not nearly enough in just a moment.
我待会就会告诉你们，这是不够的
76.We found we could begin to look at interventions over the centuries, from the Buddha to Tony Robbins.
从佛祖到托尼?罗宾斯（美国潜能激励大师） 人们在过去一个世纪里
77.About 120 interventions have been proposed that allegedly make people happy.
从各个角度已经提出过大约120种 据说能让人更加幸福的干预措施
78.And we find that we’ve been able to manualize many of them, and we actually carry out random assignment efficacy and effectiveness studies.
我们已经可以操作其中的许多种 我们可以进行随机指派 研究这些干预措施的有效性
79.That is, which ones actually make people lastingly happier?
也就是说，究竟哪些措施真的可以让人们持久提升幸福感？
80.In a couple of minutes I’ll tell you about some of those results.
过一会儿我会告诉你们这些研究的结果
81.But the upshot of this is that the mission I want psychology to have, in addition to its mission of curing the mentally ill, and in addition to its mission of making miserable people less miserable,
在治疗有心理疾病的人之外 在为痛苦的人减少痛苦之外 心理学还应该
82.is can psychology actually make people happier?
让人更加幸福
83.And to ask that question — happy is not a word I use very much  — we’ve had to break it down into what I think is askable about happy.
我并不经常使用幸福这个词，但是要问这个问题 我们得把幸福这个概念分解一下
84.And I believe there are three different — and I call them different because different interventions build them, it’s possible to have one rather than the other  —
我认为有三种不同的幸福人生 之所以说它们不同 是因为他们来自于不同的干预措施
85.three different happy lives.
人们可以拥有其中一种而不拥有另一种
86.The first happy life is the pleasant life.
第一种幸福生活是快乐的人生
87.This is a life in which you have as much positive emotion as you possibly can, and the skills to amplify it.
在这样的生活里你的积极情感多得不能再多了 你增强这些感情的技能也多的不能再多了
88.The second is a life of engagement: a life in your work, your parenting, your love, your leisure, time stops for you.
第二种是参与的人生 你努力地工作、带孩子、恋爱、休闲，时间为你停止
89.That’s what Aristotle was talking about.
亚里士多德谈过的就是这种人生
90.And third, the meaningful life.
第三种是有意义的人生
91.So I want to say a little bit about each of those lives and what we know about them.
我想简单谈一谈这三种人生 以及我们的研究情况
92.The first life is the pleasant life and it’s simply as best we can find it, it’s having as many of the pleasures as you can, as much positive emotion as you can,
第一种人生是愉快的人生 你所拥有的快乐多得不能再多了 你的积极情绪多得不能再多了
93.and learning the skills, savoring, mindfulness, that amplify them, that stretch them over time and space.
你学习快乐的技巧 在时间和空间里放大快乐
94.But the pleasant life has three drawbacks, and it’s why positive psychology is not happiology and why it doesn’t end here.
但是快乐的人生有三个缺点 这也就是积极心理学区别于“快乐心理学”的地方
95.The first drawback is that it turns out the pleasant life, your experience of positive emotion, is heritable, about 50 percent heritable, and in fact not very modifiable.
第一个缺点是 你所体会到的积极情绪有50%是遗传的 这种情绪不容易更改
96.So the different tricks that Matthieu [Ricard] and I and others know about increasing the amount of positive emotion in your life are 15 percent to 20 percent tricks, getting more of it.
所以马修和我还有其他人 所使用的让人们有更多积极情绪的方法 有15%到20%都是在遗传范围内让人们发掘潜质的小把戏
97.Second is that positive emotion habituates. It habituates rapidly indeed.
第二个缺点是人们很快就能适应积极情绪
98.It’s all like French vanilla ice-cream, the first taste is a 100 percent; by the time you’re down to the sixth taste, it’s gone.
就像法式香草冰淇凌，第一口是100%的美味 但到了第六口，就没有味道了
99.And, as I said, it’s not particularly malleable.
第三点，正如我说过的，积极情绪很难改变
100.And this leads to the second life.
下面就要谈一谈第二种人生了
101.And I have to tell you about my friend, Len, to talk about why positive psychology is more than positive emotion, more than building pleasure.
我得跟你们说说我的朋友兰 让你们知道积极心理学不仅是关于积极情绪 不仅是要创造快乐
102.In two of the three great arenas of life, by the time Len was 30, Len was enormously successful. The first arena was work.
还没到30岁，兰就在生活三个方面中的两个取得了巨大成功 第一个是工作方面
103.By the time he was 20, he was an options trader.
不到20岁他就是个期权交易家
104.By the time he was 25, he was a multimillionaire and the head of an options trading company.
不到25岁他就成了百万富翁 同时是一家期权交易公司的经理
105.Second, in play: he’s a national champion bridge player.
第二个是休闲方面：他是全国桥牌比赛冠军
106.But in the third great arena of life, love, Len is an abysmal failure.
但是在第三个方面，爱情，兰却彻底失败
107.And the reason he was, was that Len is a cold fish.
原因就在于他对人非常冷淡（像一条冷冰冰的鱼）
108.(Laughter) Len is an introvert.
（笑声） 兰是个内向的人
109.American women said to Len, when he dated them, “You’re no fun. You don’t have positive emotion. Get lost.”
他和美国女子约会的时候，她们说 你不风趣，你没有积极情绪，滚开
110.And Len was wealthy enough to be able to afford a Park Avenue psychoanalyst, who for five years tried to find the sexual trauma that had somehow locked positive emotion inside of him.
幸好兰有足够的钱请教最好的心理分析学家 这位心理分析学家花了五年的时间想找到 把兰内心积极情绪封闭起来的性创伤
111.But it turned out there wasn’t any sexual trauma.
但其实什么也找不到
112.It turned out that … Len grew up in Long Island and he played football and watched football, and played bridge …
事实上，兰在纽约长岛长大 他玩橄榄球，看橄榄球比赛，还玩桥牌
113.Len is in the bottom five percent of what we call positive affectivities.
兰属于积极情感最差的5%人群
114.The question is, is Len unhappy? And I want to say not.
问题是：兰不幸福吗？我不觉得他不幸福
115.Contrary to what psychology told us about the bottom 50 percent of the human race in positive affectivity, I think Len is one of the happiest people I know.
和心理学家关于人类积极情感较差的50%人群 相关研究成果恰恰相反 我觉得兰是我认识的最幸福的人之一
116.He’s not consigned to the hell of unhappiness and that’s because Len, like most of you, is enormously capable of flow.
他并没有特别的不幸福 这是因为兰和你们中的大多数一样，非常善于“心流”
117.When he walks onto the floor of the American Exchange at 9:30 in the morning, time stops for him. And it stops till the closing bell.
当他在早上9：30走进美国交易所的时候 时间仿佛停止了，直到交易所关门