1.We’re going to talk — my — a new lecture, just for TED — and I’m going show you some illusions that we’ve created for TED, and I’m going to try
我今天的演讲 是特别为TED准备的 我会展示一些特别为TED制作的幻象
2.to relate this to happiness. What I was thinking about with happiness is, what gives happiness — or happiness, which I equate with joy in my
并将试着把这些幻象和幸福相关联 我曾想幸福是什么，什么给人幸福 幸福对我来说等同于快乐
3.particular area, and I think there’s something very fundamental. And I was thinking about this. And it’s in terms of both illusions and movies that we
我想这其中有些根本的东西 我曾经考虑过这个问题 幸福是我们对于所见的幻象、电影
4.go see and jokes and magic shows is that there’s something about these things where our expectations are violated in some sort of pleasing
笑话、魔术表演的期望 被一种令人愉快的 方式所违背了
5.way. You go see a movie. And it has an unexpected twist — something that you didn’t expect — and you find a joyful experience. You look at those
你去看电影的时候，电影里有些意外的转折 一些你没有意料到的－－从而 你有了一段快乐的经历。你在我的书里
6.sort of illusions in my book and it’s not what you’d expect. And there’s something joyful about it. And it’s the same thing with jokes and and all
看见这类出乎你意料的幻象 其中蕴含着快乐 这与笑话这类事物是
7.these sorts of things. So, what I’m going to try and do in my lecture is a go a little bit further and see if I can violate your expectations in a
同一类东西。所以，我在演讲中将试着 更进一步 看看我能否以令人愉快的方式违背你的期望
8.pleasing way. I mean, sometimes expectations that are violated are not pleasant, but I’m going to try to do it in a pleasant way, in a very primal way
我是说，有时期望被冒犯 并不愉快，但是我将试着 以愉快的方式做这事儿，以非常简单的方式
9.so I can make the audience here happy.
让在座各位感到快乐
10.So I’m going to show you some ways that we can violate your expectations. First of all, I want to show you the particular illusion here. I want you
我将给你展示一些冒犯你的期望的 的方式。首先，我想要 在这里演示特别的幻象。首先
11.first of all when it pops up on the screen to notice that the two holes are perpendicular to each other. These are all perceptual tricks. These
当屏幕上弹出窗口的时候 请注意两个孔是相互垂直的 这些都是知觉幻象
12.are real objects that I’m going to show you. Now I’m going to show you how it is done. I’ve looped the film here so you can get a very interesting
这些是我将给你们演示的真实物件 现在，我将演示这是怎么做到的。我这里制作 了一个影片，你可以有一个有趣的
13.experience. I want you to see how this illusion is constructed, and it’s going to rotate so you see that it’s inside out. Now watch, as it rotates
体验。我给你看到这个幻觉是怎么 构造的，物件旋转，你就可以看到这是一个 自内而外的东西。现在请看，当它转到背面
14.back, how quickly your perception snaps. OK now.
你的知觉转换是多快。好了，现在
15.Watch it as it rotates back again. And this is a very bright audience, all right? See if you can stop it from happening, even though you know 100 percent it’s
请再次看它旋转的背面。这是一个 明显的事实，对吧？请看你能否从一开始停止 你的想法，即使你百分百确定这是
16.true that — bam! You can’t undo it. What does that tell you about yourselves? We’re going to do it again. No doubt about it. See if you can stop
真的。碰！你做不到。这说明了 些什么？我们再做一次 别怀疑它，看你能否不让
17.it from happening. No. It’s difficult.
这想法产生？不行，这很难
18.And we can violate your expectations in a whole variety of ways about representation, about shape, about color and so forth and it’s very primal. And
我们可以在所有关于表述、形状 颜色等等不同的方面 违背你的期望，都是很基本的
19.it’s an interesting question to ponder. Why these things — we find these things joyful. Why would we find them joyful? So, here’s something that
这是一个值得考虑的有趣的问题 我们为什么发现 这些事是快乐的
20.Lionel did a while ago. I like these sort of little things like this.
这是Lionel不久前做过的 我喜欢这样的小把戏
21.Again, this is not an optical trick. This is what you would see. In other words, it’s not a camera cut. It’s a perceptual trick.
重申一遍，这不是一个光学上的欺骗 这是你会看到的。换句话说 它不是一个摄像的截取片段，而是一个知觉上的错觉
22.OK. We can violate your expectations about shape.
好的。我可以在形状上 违背你的期望
23.We can violate your expectations on representation — what an image represents. What do you see here?
我还可以在图画中违背你的期望 你看到了什么？
24.How many of you here see dolphins? Raise your hand if you see dolphins. OK, those people who raised their hands, afterwards, the rest of the audience,
你们中有谁看到了海豚？请举起手 好的，有些人举手了 那么剩余的观众
25.go talk to them, all right? Actually, this is the best example of priming by experience that I know.
去和他们聊一下，可以吗？ 事实上，这是我知道依凭经验产生错觉的最好的例子
26.If you are a child under the age of 10 who haven’t been ruined yet, you will look at this image and see dolphins. Now, some of you adults
如果你是一个不到十岁的 天真烂漫的小孩 你将会在图画中看到海豚
27.here are saying, “What dolphins? What dolphins?”
现在，在座的有些大人就会开始问：“哪儿有海豚？”
28.But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground — in other words, the dark areas here — I forgot to ask for a pointer — but if you reverse it, you’ll
但实际上，如果你对调一下图画的底色 换句话说，黑色的部分–我忘记要一只激光笔了- 如果你对调一下
29.see a whole series of little dolphins. By the way, if you’re also a student at CalTech — they also tend to just see the dolphins. It’s based on
你将会看到一组小海豚 同时，如果你也是一名加州理工的学生 –他们也可能只能看到海豚
30.experience.
这是基于经验的
31.Now, something like this can be used because this is after all talk about design, too. So, this is done by Saatchi and Saatchi, and they actually got
现在，一些类似的技巧有了应用价值 因为这毕竟也是讨论设计的 这是由Saatchi和Saatchi完成的
32.away with this ad in Australia. So, if you look at this ad for beer, all those people are in sort of provocative positions. But they got it past, and
他们在澳大利亚用这个广告侥幸成功了 所以如果你看到这个创意为啤酒做广告 所有那些人都有几分挑衅的姿态
33.actually won the Clio awards, so it is funny to do these things.
但是它成功了，他们赢得了克里奥广告奖 所以做这些事是很有趣的
34.Remember that sort of, um. This is the joke I did when the the Florida ballot was going around. You know, count the dots for Gore, count the dots for
这是佛罗里达州进行投票的时候 我做的一个笑话 数一下戈尔的得票，再数一下布什的
35.Bush. Count them again.
然后再数一遍
36.You can violate your expectations about experience. Here is an outside water fountain that I created with some friends of mine, but you can
你会得到违背基于经验的预期结果 这是我和朋友们制作的 一个室外喷泉
37.stop the water in drops and — actually make all the drops levitate. This is something we’re building for, you know, amusement parks and that
你可以使水以水滴的方式静止- 事实上, 是让所有的 水滴悬浮起来. 这是我们为 游乐园一类的地方设计的
38.kind of stuff.
东西
39.Now let’s take a static image. Can you see this?
现在让我们看一个静态图像，看到了吗？
40.Do you see the middle section moving down and the outer sections moving up? It’s completely static.
你看到中间的部分在向下运动 而外边的部分在向上运动吗？事实上它是静止的
41.It’s a static image. How many people see this illusion? It’s completely static.
它是静止的，多少人产生了这个错觉? 它是静止的
42.Right. Now, when — it’s interesting that when we look at an image we see, you know, color, depth, texture. And you can look at this whole scene and
好的，我们看一张图片颜色, 深度和质地的时候 是很有趣的 你可以看看这个屏幕
43.analyze it. You can see the woman is in closer than the wall and so forth. But the whole thing is actually flat. It’s painted. It’s trompe l’oeil.
分析一下，你可以看到那个女人比墙要 更近些等等，但是事实上 所有的都是平的，它是图画，它是错觉画
44.And it was such a good trompe l’oeil that people got irritated when they tried to talk to the woman and she wouldn’t respond.
这是一张很好的错觉画，以至于 一些人在和那个女人谈话而得不到她的回应时 变得恼怒
45.Now, you can make design mistakes. Like this building in New York. So that when you see it from this side, it looks like the balconies tilt up,
现在，你可以设计错误了 就像这个在纽约的建筑，你从这一边看它 阳台看起来是向上倾斜的
46.and when you walk around to the other side it looks like the balconies go down. So there are cases where you have mistakes in design that
而当你从另一边看的时候 又像是向下倾斜的 这是一个在设计中蕴含视觉错觉的
47.incorporate illusions.
例子
48.Or, you take this particular un-retouched photograph. Now, interestingly enough, I get a lot of emails from people who say, “Is there any
或者, 看看这张没有被修饰过的 照片. 很有趣的是 我收到和很多email，问我
49.perceptual difference between males and females?”
“男性和女性之间有没有知觉上的区别？”
50.And I really say, “No.” I mean, women can navigate through the world just as well as males can — and why wouldn’t they? However, this is one
我的回答是否定的。我的意思是女人可以和男人一样 在这个世界上生存 为什么她们不能呢? 不过, 对于这个视错觉
51.illusion that women can consistently do better than males: in matching which head because they rely on fashion cues. They can match the hat.
女性肯定比男性更容易辨别 这个人头是属于谁的 因为她们对时尚更敏感- 她们可以由帽子来确定
52.Okay, now getting to a part — I want to show design in illusions. I believe that the first example of illusions being used purposely was by
现在我想展示一些 设计中的视错觉. 我认为第一个有意 运用视错觉的例子是
53.da Vinci in this anamorphic image of an eye. So that when you saw from one little angle was like this. And this little technique got popular in the
达芬奇的一幅眼睛变形的作品 所以当你取一个小角度看的时候图像是这样的 这个技巧在
54.16th century and the 17th century to disguise hidden meanings, where you could flip the image and see it from one little point of view like this.
16和17世纪流行于伪装隐含意义 稍微调转图像 从另一个角度去看它
55.But these are early incorporations of illusions brought to — sort of hot point with Hans Holbein’s “Ambassadors.” And Hans Holbein worked
这些技巧的早期运用 成为Hans Holbein的画作”使者”的 一个热点. Hans Holbein效劳于亨利八世.
56.for Henry VIII. This was hung on a wall where you could walk down from the stair and you can see this hidden skull.
这幅画挂在楼梯边的墙上, 当你 走下楼梯的时候你可以看到隐藏的 骷髅头
57.All right, now I’m going to show you some designers who worked with illusions to give that element of surprise. One of my favorites is Scott
好, 现在我要给你们介绍 一些运用视错觉创造惊喜的 设计师. Scott Kim是我最喜欢的设计师之一.
58.Kim. I worked with Scott to create some illusions for TED that I hope you will enjoy. We have one here on TED and happiness.
我和他一起 为TED设计了一些视错觉, 希望你喜欢. 这里有一张关于TED和幸福的
59.OK now. Arthur [Ganson] hasn’t talked yet, but his is going to be a delightful talk and he has some of his really fantastic machines outside. And so, we
Arthur Ganson还没有在这里做过演讲 他的演讲会很有趣, 而且他有 一些非常有趣的模型
60.– Scott created this wonderful tribute to Arthur Ganson.
所以我和scott为Arthur Ganson设计了一份 很棒的礼物
61.Well, there’s analog and digital. Thought that was appropriate here.
这个是”近义词”和”数码”, 我觉得 这张图片挺适合这里
62.And figure goes to ground.
另一张是”肖像”隐藏到底色里
63.And for the musicians.
这张给音乐家
64.And of course, since happiness — we want “joy to the world.”
当然, 对于幸福, 我们希望” 把快乐带给 世界”
65.Now, another great designer — he’s very well known in Japan — Shigeo Fukuda. And he just builds some fantastic things. This is simply
另一个在日本非常出名的设计师 是Shigeo Fukuda. 他设计了一些 奇妙的东西, 非常有趣
66.amazing. This is a pile of junk that when you view it from one particular angle, you see its reflection in the mirror as a perfect piano.
这里是一堆垃圾 取一个特定的角度去看 你会发现它在镜子里的像是一架钢琴
67.Pianist transforms to violinist.
钢琴家变成小提琴家
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