JaneGoodall_帮助人与动物共存共处【中英文对照】

1.Good afternoon, good evening, whatever.
下午好,晚上好(,怎么说都行。)
2.We can go, jambo, guten abend, bonsoir, but we can also — ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh.
或者我们也可以说,jambo,guten abend,bonsoir, 又或者……
3.That is the call that chimpanzees make before they go to sleep in the evening.
黑猩猩在晚上睡觉前 就是这么打招呼的
4.You hear it going from one side of the valley to the other, from one group of nests to the next.
你听见这种叫声从山谷这头传到那头 从一群猩猩窝传到另一群猩猩窝
5.And I want to pick up with my talk this evening from where Zeray left off yesterday.
我今晚的演讲想 从(考古学家)泽雷·阿兰希格昨天留下的话题开始
6.He was talking about this amazing three-year-old Australopithecene child, Selam.
他谈的是这个令人惊异的灵长类幼仔,叫Selam,三岁大
7.And we’ve also been hearing about the history, the family tree, of mankind through DNA genetic profiling.
我们还听了通过测绘DNA基因所得的 人类的历史和族谱
8.And it was a paleontologist, the late Louis Leakey, who actually set me on the path for studying chimpanzees.
已故古生物学家路易斯·李奇 是他把我引上研究黑猩猩之路的
9.And it was pretty extraordinary way back then.
回顾过去,这条路实在不同寻常
10.It’s kind of commonplace now, but his argument was, because he’d been searching for the fossilized remains of early humans in Africa —
现在看来比较普通 可他的论据是,因为他曾寻找 在非洲的早期人类化石遗迹——
11.and you can tell an awful lot about what those beings looked like from the fossils, from the shape of the muscle attachments.
这些化石上,从附属肌肉的形状上, 对于那些早期人类的模样像什么 都能给研究者很多启示
12.Something about the way they lived from the various artifacts found with them.
从由他们身边发现的原始工具上 可以看出一些关于他们生活方式的端倪
13.But what about how they behaved? That’s what he wanted to know.
但他们的行为表现是什么样的?这是他想知道的
14.And of course, behavior doesn’t fossilize.
当然,行为没有在化石里体现
15.He argued — and its now a fairly common theory — that if we found behavior patterns similar or the same in our closest living relatives, the great apes, and humans today,
他辨称(这个理论现在看来稀松平常) 如果我们发现当代人类在行为模式上与 和其最相近的物种巨猿相似或者相同
16.then maybe those behaviors were present in the ape-like, human-like ancestor some seven million years ago.
那么或许这些行为在大概七百万年前 在似猿似人的祖先身上存在过
17.And therefore, perhaps we had brought those characteristics with us from that ancient, ancient past.
因此,也许我们身上的那些行为特征 是从远古时代传下来的
18.Well, if you look in textbooks today that deal with human evolution, you very often find people speculating about how early humans may have behaved, based on the behavior of chimpanzees.
噢,如果你看一下现在讲人类进化的书 就会常常发现,人们是基于黑猩猩的行为表现 来思考早期人类可能的行为方式
19.They are more like us than any other living creature, and we’ve heard about that during this TED Conference.
与别的存活动物相比,他们更像我们 这一点我在这次TED会议中听到过
20.So it remains for me to comment on the ways in which chimpanzees are so like us in certain aspects of their behavior.
所以我今天要讲的 就是黑猩猩是在其行为方式的与人类的相似点
21.Every chimpanzee has his or her own personality.
每个黑猩猩都有他/她自己的个性
22.Of course, I gave them names. They can live to be 60 years or more, although we think most of them probably don’t make it to 60 in the wild.
当然,我给他们起名字。他们能活60岁或者更长 尽管我们觉得他们中的绝大多数在野生环境活不到60岁
23.Mr. Wurzel. The female has her first baby when she’s 11 or 12.
这是Wurzel猩猩。母猩猩在11或12岁时生第一个孩子
24.Thereafter she has one baby only every five or six years, a long period of childhood dependency when the child is nursing, sleeping with the mother at night, and riding on her back.
之后每五年或每六年她只生一仔 这么长的童年期内小猩猩很有依赖性,需要照料 晚上和妈妈一起睡,骑在她背上
25.And we believe that this long period of childhood is important for chimpanzees, just as it is for us, in relation to learning.
我们认为这么长的童年期 对黑猩猩很重要,这牵涉到学习,就像童年之于我们一样
26.As the brain becomes ever more complex during evolution in different forms of animals, so we find that learning plays an ever more important role
在各种不同形态动物的进化过程中 由于大脑变得日益复杂 我们发现,在一种个体的生命历程中
27.in an individual’s life history.
学习的作用日益重要
28.And young chimpanzees spend a lot of time watching what their elders do.
年纪小的黑猩猩花很长时间观察它们的长辈做什么
29.We know now that they’re capable of imitating behaviors that they see.
我们现在知道,他们能模仿所见的行为表现
30.And we believe that it’s in this way that the different tool-using behaviors that have now been seen in all the different chimpanzee populations studied in Africa —
我们认为正是由此 从那些在非洲研究的所有不同黑猩猩种群身上 看到的使用工具的不同行为——
31.how these are passed from one generation to the next through observation, imitation and practice, so that we can describe these tool-using behaviors as primitive culture.
这些行为是怎样通过观察、模仿和实践 从一代传到另一代的 所以,我们可以把这些使用工具的行为说成是原始文化
32.Chimpanzees don’t have a spoken language. We’ve talked about that.
黑猩猩没有语言,我们以前提到过
33.They do have a very rich repertoire of postures and gestures, many of which are similar, or even identical to ours and formed in the same context. Greeting chimpanzees embracing.
但他们确实有一整套非常丰富的姿态和动作 其中许多与我们的很像,甚至一模一样 并且具有相同涵义 黑猩猩打招呼时会拥抱
34.They also kiss, hold hands, pat one another on the back.
他们也亲吻、牵手、一个拍另一个的背
35.And they swagger and they throw rocks.
他们也虚张声势地恐吓,或者仍石头
36.In chimpanzee society, we find many, many examples of compassion, precursors to love and true altruism.
在黑猩猩的社会里,我们发现很多很多 怜悯、示爱以及真正利他的例子
37.Unfortunately they, like us, have a dark side to their nature.
和我们一样,不幸的是,他们也有天性中阴暗的一面
38.They’re capable of extreme brutality, even a kind of primitive war.
他们可以极度凶残,甚至像一种原始战争
39.And these really aggressive behaviors, for the most part, are directed against individuals of the neighboring social group.
多数情况下,这些极具攻击性的行为 是直接针对相邻社群中个体的
40.They are very territorially aggressive.
这些攻击大多是为了争夺地盘
41.Chimpanzees, I believe, more than any other living creature, have helped us to understand that after all, there is no sharp line between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.
我觉得,与别的生物相比 黑猩猩更有助于我们认识到,人类和 动物王国里的其他成员终归并无明显界限
42.It’s a very blurry line, and its getting more blurry all the time as we make even more observations.
这种界限非常模糊,并且随着我们更多的观察 会一直更加模糊下去
43.The study that I began in 1960 is still continuing to this day.
我1960年开始的研究一直持续到现在
44.And these chimpanzees, living their complex social lives in the wild, have helped — more than anything else — to make us realize we are part of, and not separated from,
这些黑猩猩在野生环境过着复杂的社会生活 最重要的是,他们帮助 我们认识到,我们与形形色色的动物在地球上共处,我们是其中一部分
45.the amazing animals with whom we share the planet.
不能与这些动物分割开来
46.So it’s pretty sad to find that chimpanzees, like so many other creatures around the world, are losing their habitats.
所以,发现黑猩猩和 世界上其他众多生物一样失去聚居地,是很让人难过的
47.This is just one photograph from the air, and it shows you the forested highlands of Gombe.
这只是一张从空中拍的照片 你可以看到森林覆盖的Gombe高地
48.And it was when I flew over the whole area about 16 years ago, and realized that outside the park, this forest, which in 1960 had stretched almost unbroken
16年前,我走遍整个地区 意识到在公园之外,这片森林 在1960年时沿着Tanganyika湖东岸
49.along the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, which is where the tiny, 30-square-mile Gombe National Park lies, that a question came to my mind —
绵延不绝 小巧的、面积只有30平方英里的Gombe国家公园就坐落在这里 那时一个问题进入我脑海——
50.”How can we even try to save these famous chimpanzees when the people living around the National Park are struggling to survive?”
“我们怎么能进而去试图拯救这些出了名的黑猩猩, 而住在国家公园周围的人却在为生存而挣扎?”
51.More people are living there than the land could possibly support.
那里人口众多,非单薄的土地所能承受
52.The numbers increased by refugees pouring in from Burundi and over the lake from Congo.
随着来自布隆迪的难民涌入 来自刚果的人跨湖过来,住在那里的人数增加着
53.And very poor people — they couldn’t afford to buy food from elsewhere.
那些人非常穷——无力从别的地方买吃的
54.This led to a program, which we call Take Care.
一个计划由此产生,我们称之为“关爱”(Take Care)
55.It’s a very holistic way of improving the lives of the people living in the villages around the park.
它用整体化的方式来改善 住在湖周围村子里的人的生活
56.It started small with 12 villages. It’s now in 24.
刚开始是小规模的,有12个村子。现在是24个
57.There isn’t time to go into it, but it’s including things like tree nurseries, methods of farming most suitable to this now very degraded,
这里没有时间去深入介绍,不过该计划包括象林木苗圃等事情, 以及适于在山上这片目前严重剥蚀
58.almost desert-like land up in these mountains.
几近沙漠的土地上耕种的方法
59.Ways of controlling, preventing soil erosion.
控制、防止土地侵蚀的方法
60.Ways of reclaiming overused farmland so that within two years they can again be productive.
收回过度使用的农田的方法 以便两年内这些农田可以重新有收成
61.Working to help the villagers obtain fresh water from wells.
帮助村民从井里取得淡水
62.Perhaps build some schoolrooms.
或许建一些校舍
63.Most important of all, I believe, is working with small groups of women, providing them with opportunities for micro-credit loans.
我认为最重要的 是与小规模群体妇女合作 给她们提供微型信用贷款的机会
64.And we’ve got, as is the case around the world, about 95 percent of all loans returned.
全世界的情况一样,在所有贷款中我们 收回了大约95%
65.Empowering women working with education, providing scholarships for girls so they can finish secondary school, in the clear understanding that all around the world
使妇女能够受教育后工作 给女孩子提供奖学金,以便让她们完成中学学业 很清楚,世界各地
66.as women’s education improves, family size drops.
妇女的教育程度提高了,家庭人口数目就会下降
67.We provide information about family planning and about HIV/AIDS.
我们提供计划生育和艾滋病及其病毒(HIV/AIDS)方面的信息
68.And as a result of this program, something’s happening for conservation.
这项计划实施之后 自然保护方面发生了一些事情
69.What’s happening for conservation is that the farmers living in these 24 villages, instead of looking on us as a bunch of white people
自然保护方面发生的事情是,住在这24个村子里的农民 并没有把我们看成是
70.coming to study a whole bunch of monkeys — and by the way, many of the staff are now Tanzanian, but when we began the Take Care program,
跑来研究整个一伙儿猴子的一伙儿白人 顺便说一下,现在很多工作人员是坦桑尼亚人 而当我们开始“关爱”计划时
71.it was a Tanzanian team going into the villages.
进入村子的是一个坦桑尼亚小组
72.It was a Tanzanian team talking to the villagers, asking what they were interested in.
和村民交谈的是一个坦桑尼亚小组 询问村民对什么感兴趣
73.Were they interested in conservation? Absolutely not.
他们对自然保护感兴趣吗?一点也不
74.They were interested in health, they were interested in education.
他们对健康感兴趣,他们对教育感兴趣
75.And as time went on, and as their situation began to improve, they began to understand ever more about the need for conservation.
随着时间推移,随着他们境况开始改善 他们开始不断理解更多有关自然保护的必要性
76.They began to understand that as the upper levels of the hills were denuded of trees, so you’ve got this terrible soil erosion and mudslides.
他们开始理解 当山上较高位置的数被砍光以后 可怕的土地侵蚀和泥流就来了
77.Today, we are developing what we call the Greater Gombe Ecosystem.
现在,我们正在开发所说的大Gombe生态系统
78.This is an area way outside the National Park, stretching out into all these various degraded lands.
这是一片国家公园以外的地区 绵延包括了所有这些各种各样剥蚀了的土地
79.And as these villages have a better standard of life, they are actually agreeing to put between 10 percent and 20 percent of their land in the highlands aside,
由于这些村子生活标准高一些 他们实际上同意 把他们土地的10-20%放到高地一侧
80.so that once again, as the trees grow back the chimpanzees will have leafy corridors through which they can travel to interact — as they must for genetic viability —
以便当树长回来时 黑猩猩会再次拥有绿色走廊 它们可以借此穿行以便—— 这是他们基因繁殖所必需的——
81.with other remnant groups outside the National Park.
与国家公园外其它残余群体互动
82.So Take Care is a success.
所以“关爱”计划成功了
83.We’re replicating it in other parts of Africa, around other wilderness areas which are faced with extreme population pressure.
我们在非洲其它地区复制这项计划 在其它面临 极端人口压力的荒野之地
84.The problems in Africa, however, as we’ve been discussing for the whole of these first couple of days of TED, are major problems.
但是,就像我们在TED开始的所有这几天一直讨论的 非洲的问题 是主要问题
85.There is a great deal of poverty.
那里非常贫穷
86.And when you get large numbers of people living in land that is not that fertile, particularly when you cut down trees, and you leave the soil open to the wind for erosion,
有大量的人 生活在不那么肥沃的土地上 尤其当你把树砍倒 使得土壤裸露,任风侵蚀
87.as desperate populations cut down more and more trees so that they can try and grow food for themselves and their families, what’s going to happen? Something’s got to give.
同时处于绝望的人砍倒越来越多的树 以便为他们自己和家人努力培育粮食 这样会发生什么?有些东西会开始牺牲让步
88.And there are other problems — not only in Africa, but the rest of the developing world and indeed, everywhere.
还有别的问题——不仅在非洲 而且是其它所有发展中世界,甚至是地球上所有地方
89.What are we doing to our planet?
我们在对我们的地球做什么呢?
90.You know, the famous scientist, E. O. Wilson said that if every person on this planet attains the standard of living of the average European or American,
著名科学家,E.O. 威尔逊 说过,如果地球上每个人 的生活标准都达到欧美平均水平
91.we need three new planets.
我们就再需要三个地球
92.Today they are saying four. But we don’t have them. We’ve got one.
今天他们说是四个。可我们没那些个,我们只有一个
93.And what’s happened? I mean, the question here is, here we are, arguably the most intelligent being that’s ever walked planet Earth,
发生了什么?我是说,这里的问题是,我们在这里 或许可称为地球上有史以来最有智慧的生命
94.with this extraordinary brain, capable of the kind of technology that is so well illustrated by these TED Conferences.
有着非凡的大脑 能够运用这些TED会议上 阐述备至的这些技术
95.And yet were destroying the only home we have.
但我们却在毁坏着这个惟一的家园
96.The indigenous people around the world, before they made a major decision, used to sit around and ask themselves, “How does this decision affect our people seven generations ahead?”
全球各地的原住民 在做重要决定前 都会坐到一起,然后问 “这决定如何影响我们接下来的七代人?”
97.Today, major decisions — and I’m not particularly talking about Africa here, but the developed world — major decisions involving millions of dollars,
今天,重要决定——我这里不特别谈非洲 而是发达世界—— 牵涉几百万美元以及以及几百万人的重要决定
98.and millions of people, are often based on, “How will this affect the next shareholders meeting?”
却只是问 “这会如何影响下次股东大会?”
99.And these decisions affect Africa.
这些决定却影响非洲
100.As I began traveling around Africa talking about the problems faced by chimpanzees and their vanishing forests, I realized more and more how so many of Africa’s problems
当我开始游历非洲 谈论黑猩猩面临的问题及其日益消逝的森林 我愈来愈意识到如此之多的非洲问题
101.could be laid at the door of previous colonial exploitation.
是如何与以前的殖民开发有关的
102.So I began traveling outside Africa, talking in Europe, talking in the United States, going to Asia.
因此我开始在非洲之外旅行,在欧洲演讲 在美国演讲,去亚洲
103.And everywhere there were these terrible problems.
每一地都有这些糟糕的问题
104.And you know the kind I’m talking about. I’m talking about pollution — The air that we breathe that often poisons us.
你知道我说的是什么问题,这包括污染问题 我们呼吸的空气经常毒害我们
105.The earth is poisoning our foods.
泥土毒害我们的食物
106.The water — water is perhaps one of the most crucial issues that were going to face in this century.
水——水也许是本世纪我们要面对的 最要紧问题之一
107.And everywhere water is being polluted by agricultural, industrial and household chemicals that still are being sprayed around the world,
每一地,水都被农业、工业、家用 化学制品所污染 全世界都还在喷这些制品
108.seemingly with the inability to profit from past experience.
似乎没办法从过去的经验获利
109.The mangroves are being cut down, the effects of things like the tsunami get worse.
红树被砍倒 海啸等影响日益加重
110.We’ve talked about the soil erosion.
我们谈过土壤侵蚀
111.We have the reckless burning of fossil fuels along with other greenhouse gasses, so called, leading to climate change.
我们不计后果地烧过化石燃料 连同其它所谓温室气体 导致了气候变化
112.Finally, all around the world people have begun to believe that there is something going on, very wrong with our climate.
终于,全世界的人都开始相信 有什么事发生了,我们的气候不对劲儿了
113.All around the world climates are mixed up.
全球气候互相牵连
114.And it’s the poor people who are affected worse.
最受不利影响的是穷人
115.It’s Africa that already is affected.
已经受影响的是非洲
116.In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa the droughts are so much worse.
在次撒哈拉非洲的许多地区,干旱非常严重
117.And when the rain does come, it so often leads to flooding and added distress, and the cycle of poverty and hunger and disease.
雨终于下起来时,又常常导致洪水 及更多的不幸,贫穷、饥饿和疾病周而复始
118.And the numbers of people living in an area that the land cannot support, who are too poor to buy food, who can’t move away because the whole land is degraded.
还有很多人住在土地供养不起的地区 太穷,买不起食物 因为全部土地都剥蚀了,所以也没法离开
119.And so you get desertification –creeping, creeping, creeping — as the last of the trees are cut down.
于是有了沙漠化——一点点漫延,漫延,漫延—— 同时最后的树也被砍倒
120.And this kind of thing is not just in Africa. It’s all over the world.
这种事情不光在非洲 遍布全球
121.So it wasn’t surprising to me that as I was traveling around the world I met so many young people who seemed to have lost hope.
所以我不觉得奇怪 当我在世界各地旅行时 碰到那么多年轻人,他们看上去失去了希望
122.We seem to have lost wisdom, the wisdom of the indigenous people.
我们似乎已经失去了智慧,那种属于原住民的智慧
123.I asked a question — “Why?”
我想问,这是为什么?
124.Well, do you think there could be some kind of disconnect between this extraordinarily clever brain, the kind of brain that the TED technologies exemplify,
你们觉得在这 异常聪明的大脑 TED技术作为例证的那种大脑
125.and the human heart? Talking about it in the non-scientific term.
和人的心脏之间会有某种隔绝吗?用非科学的术语来谈谈
126.In terms of love and compassion. Is there some disconnect?
根据爱和同情。有隔绝吗?
127.And these young people, when I talk to them, basically they were either depressed or apathetic, or bitter and angry. And they said more or less the same thing,
这些年轻人,当我和他们讲话时 基本上他们要么情绪低落,要么无动于衷 或者痛苦、愤怒 他们或多或少说的是同一件事情
128.”We feel this way because we feel you’ve compromised our future and there’s nothing we can do about it.”
“我们这么感觉是因为我们觉得你们损害了我们的未来, 并且我们对此无能为力。”
129.We have compromised their future.
我们确实已经毁坏了他们的未来
130.I’ve got three little grandchildren, and every time I look at them and I think how we’ve harmed this beautiful planet since I was their age,
我有三个小孙子,每次看着他们 我就想,从我像他们那么大以来,我们是如何损害这个美丽的地球的
131.I feel this desperation.
我感觉到这种绝望
132.And that led to this program we call Roots and Shoots, which began right here in Tanzania and has now spread to 97 countries around the world.
我们由此开展这项我们称之为“根与芽”的计划 恰好始于这里,坦桑尼亚 现在已经传播到世界上97个国家
133.It’s symbolic. Roots make a firm foundation.
项目的名字是具有象征意义的 根造就坚实的基础
134.Shoots seemed tiny, to reach the sun they can break a brick wall  — see the brick wall as all these problems we’ve inflicted on the planet,
芽看上去细小,在阳光照耀下却可穿破砖墙—— 砖可以看成是我们给地球造成的环境的
135.environmental and social. It’s a message of hope.
和社会的问题 这是希望的讯息
136.Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world can break through and can make this a better world for all living things.
世界各地成千上万的年轻人 可以取得突破,为了所有生物,让这个世界更美好
137.The most important message of Roots and Shoots — every single one of us makes a difference, every single day.
“根与芽”的最重要讯息—— 每一天,我们每一个人都在改变世界

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