JacquelineNovogratz_耐心资本主义【中英文对照】

1.I really am honored to be here, and as Chris said, it’s been over 20 years since I started working in Africa.
我今天很荣幸地站到这里，正如克里斯（Chris Anderson）所说， 我在非洲至少有20年工作经验。
2.My first introduction was at the Abidjan airport on a sweaty Ivory Coast morning.
我对非洲的第一印象是在科特迪瓦阿比让机场体验的闷热早晨。
3.I had just left Wall Street, cut my hair to look like Margaret Mead, given away most everything that I owned, and arrived with all the essentials —
那时我刚刚离开华尔街，并且把我的头发剪成玛格丽特·米德的样式， 以及把我的东西几乎全部赠送出去， 然后带着我需要的必需品——
4.some poetry, a few clothes, and, of course, a guitar — because I was going to save the world, and I thought I would just start with the African continent.
几本诗集，一些衣服和理所当然的一把吉它—— 来到这里，因为我要来拯救世界， 于是我第一站就来到非洲。
5.But literally within days of arriving I was told, in no uncertain terms, by a number of West African women, that Africans didn’t want saving,
但自从我到达这里，就不断有西非妇女 明确地告诉我非洲人不需要被拯救，
6.thank you very much, least of all not by me.
尤其是被我这样的人拯救，非常感谢你。
7.I was too young, unmarried, I had no children, didn’t really know Africa and besides, my French was pitiful.
那时我还很年轻，并且没有结婚生子， 而且对非洲的情况不太了解，除此之外，我的法语说的很不好。
8.And so, it was an incredibly painful time in my life, and yet it really started to give me the humility to start listening.
因此，那时候是我一生中最痛苦的一段时光， 但也使我不再自大以及开始去聆听人们的心声。
9.I think that failure can be an incredibly motivating force as well, so I moved to Kenya and worked in Uganda, and I met a group of Rwandan women, who asked me, in 1986,
我认为失败可以成为一股极大激励人心的力量， 所以我搬到了肯尼亚并且在乌干达工作， 在1986年，我与一群来自卢旺达的妇女见面，
10.to move to Kigali to help them start the first microfinance institution there.
她们请求我搬至基加利（卢旺达首都）去帮助开设第一家小额信贷机构。
11.And I did, and we ended up naming it Duterimbere, meaning “to go forward with enthusiasm.” And while we were doing it, I realized that there weren’t a lot of businesses that were viable
而我照做了，并且叫它作Duterimbere， 它意味着“热情地前进”。当我在这所信贷机构工作时， 我意识到很多切实可行的事务妇女们是没有涉足的，
12.and started by women, and so maybe I should try to run a business too.
因此我应尝试运营一所商店。
13.And so I started looking around, and I heard about a bakery that was run by 20 prostitutes.
于是我开始关注四周，然后我听闻了一所 由二十位妓女开设的糕饼店。
14.And, being a little intrigued, I went to go meet this group, and what I found was 20 unwed mothers who were trying to survive.
出于好奇心我与这群人见了面， 而我发现她们只是一群想要生存的未婚妈妈。
15.And it was really the beginning of my understanding the power of language, and how what we call people so often distances us from them,
从那时起，我始明白语言的力量， 我们对别人的称呼可以使双方隙缝增大，
16.and makes them little.
并且使她们感觉到自己是很渺小的。
17.I also found out that the bakery was nothing like a business, that in fact, it was a classic charity run by a well-intentioned person
我同时发现这间面包店不像一所企业， 事实上，这是一位好心人开设的慈善机构，
18.who essentially spent 600 dollars a month to keep these 20 women busy making little crafts and baked goods, and living on 50 cents a day, still in poverty.
并且每月要花600美元 来使这二十位女人制作小工艺品和烘烤食品， 但她们每天只有50美分的工资，这意味着她们还处于困境中。
19.So, I made a deal with the women. I said, “Look, we get rid of the charity side, and we run this as a business and I’ll help you.”
因此我向她们提出了一次交易。我说：“听我说，让我们摆脱慈善援助吧， 而我则来帮助你们商业化运作这间店铺。
20.They nervously agreed, I nervously started, and of course, things are always harder than you think they’re going to be.
她们很紧张地答应了，而我也很紧张地开始了， 当然，万事开头难。
21.First of all, I thought, well, we need a sales team, and we clearly aren’t the A-Team here, so let’s — I did all this training, and the epitome was when I literally marched into the streets
首先，我认为我们需要一支销售团队， 但我们很明显不是这里最好的团队， 所以让我（来做这件事）——我以前接受过这方面的培训， 而这其中最经典的一幕就是当我真正走上Nyamirambo的街道时，
22.of Nyamirambo, which is the popular quarter of Kigali, with a bucket, and I sold all these little doughnuts to people, and I came back, and I was like, “You see?”
基加利最繁华的地区时，手提一只木桶， 然后我将木桶里的小甜甜圈都售出了， 当我回到店铺里时，我向她们说：“你们看！”
23.And the women said, “You know, Jacqueline, who in Nyamirambo is not going to buy doughnuts out of an orange bucket from a tall American woman?” And like —
她们则回答：“杰奎琳，你得知道，在Nyamirambo没有人会从一位高大的 美国女人的橙色木桶里买甜甜圈？”就像——
24.(Laughter) It’s a good point.
（笑声）这是个很好的观点。
25.So then I went the whole American way, with competitions,  team and individual. Completely failed, but over time the women learnt to sell on their own way.
我完全是按照美国方式运作， 需要竞争，团队合作以及独立工作。然后这完全失败了， 但随着时间流逝，这群妇女习得用自己的方式来销售。
26.And they started listening to the marketplace, and they came back with ideas for cassava chips and banana chips and sorghum bread, and before you knew it,
她们也开始倾听市场的需求， 并且带回来制作木薯片、香蕉片和高粱面包的主意， 甚至在你们反应过来之前，?
27.we had cornered the Kigali market, and the women were earning three to four times the national average.
我们已垄断了基加利的市场， 而这群妇女收入是全国人均收入的三至四倍。
28.And with that confidence surge, I thought, well, It’s time to create a real bakery, so let’s paint it. And the women said, “That’s a really great idea.”
由于信心的上扬，我想是时候来创建一所真正的糕点店， 所以让（我们）来粉刷下这间店。这群妇女则回答：“这真是一个很好的想法。”
29.And I said, “Well, what color do you want to paint it?” And they said, “Well, you choose.” And I said, “No, no, I’m learning to listen —
接着我便问道：“你们想用什么颜色的油漆？”她们回答道:“好吧，你来选。” 我则说：“不，不，我正在学习倾听的艺术——
30.you choose. It’s your bakery, your street, your country, not mine.”
你们选吧。这是你们的糕点店，你们的街道，你们家乡，而不是我的。”
31.But they wouldn’t give me an answer.
不过她们不会给我一个答复。
32.So one week, two weeks, three weeks went by, and finally I said, “Well, how about blue?”
一个星期，两个星期，三个星期过去了， 终于我说：“好吧，我们不如用蓝色吧？”
33.And they said, “Blue, blue, we love blue. Let’s do it blue.”
她们则回答说：“蓝色，蓝色，我们喜欢蓝色。我们就蓝色来粉刷吧。”
34.So, I went to the store, I brought Gaudence, the recalcitrant one of all, and we brought all this paint and fabric to make curtains,
因此我前往将最执拗的一位店员Gaudence带回来， 我们一起去买了油漆和做窗帘的布料，
35.and on painting day we all gathered in Nyamirambo, and the idea was we would paint it white with blue as trim, like a little French bakery. But that was clearly not as satisfying
到了粉刷的那一天，我们全部聚集在Nyamirambo， 而我们起初是想用白色作主色调，蓝色作装饰色， 就有点像一些小小的法国糕点铺。不过说实话
36.as painting a wall of blue like a morning sky.
这还不如把满墙都刷成蓝色有如蔚蓝的晨空。
37.So, blue, blue, everything became blue; the walls were blue, the windows were blue, the sidewalk out front was painted blue.
所以，蓝色，蓝色，所有的东西都被粉刷成蓝色； 墙面被刷成蓝色，窗框被刷成蓝色， 店铺前面的人行道也被刷成蓝色。
38.And Aretha Franklin was shouting “R.E.S.P.E.C.T.,”
同时Aretha Franklin正在大声喊出”R.E.S.P.E.C.T.”（尊重），
39.the women’s hips were swaying and little kids were trying to grab the paintbrushes, but it was their day.
她们的臀部晃来晃去， 小孩子们想抓住那些毛刷（玩），这就是她们的日子。
40.And at the end of it, we stood across the street and we looked at what we had done, and I said, “It is so beautiful,”
粉刷完毕后，我们站在街对面， 欣赏我们完成的作品，然后我说：“这真悦目。”
41.and the women said, “It really is.”
而她们也答道：“的确是。”
42.And I said, “And I think the color is perfect,”
我跟着说：“我认为这个颜色很好。”
43.and they all nodded their head, except for Gaudence, and I said, “What?”
除了Gaudence，她们全部都点点头， 我则问：“什么？”
44.And she said, “Nothing,” and I said, “What?”
她回答说：“没什么。”我继续问：“什么？”
45.And she said, “Well, it is pretty, but you know our color, really, it is green.” And — (Laughter).
她就答复我说：“好吧，这的确很靓丽，不过你懂得我们的颜色，真的，这是绿色。”然后—— （笑声）。
46.And I learned then that listening isn’t just about patience, but that when you’ve lived on charity and dependent your whole life long,
我学到倾听不只是需要耐心， 当一个人一生都在依靠救济生活的时候，
47.it’s really hard to say what you mean.
他们很难说清楚他们需要点什么。
48.And, mostly because people never really ask you, and when they do, you don’t really think they want to know the truth.
而且大多时候他们不会主动向你提问， 即使他们这样做了，估计你也不想将真相告之于他们。
49.And so then I learned that listening is not only about waiting, but it’s also learning how better to ask questions.
因此我懂得了倾听不只只是需要等待， 同时也学会了要以更好的方式提问。
50.And so, I lived in Kigali for about two and a half years, doing these two things, and it was an extraordinary time in my life.
是故我住在基加利的两年半时间里就做了两件事， 这是我一生中最难忘的一个时期。
51.And it taught me three lessons that I think are so important for us today, and certainly in the work that I do.
这期间我得到了三个教训， 我认为这些教训对我们仍是很重要的， 当然对我现在的工作也一样重要。
52.The first is that dignity is more important to the human spirit than wealth.
第一点就是尊严比财富更可贵。
53.As Eleni has said, when people gain income, they gain choice, and that is fundamental to dignity.
正如埃莱尼所说，有收入就会有选择 这应是尊严的基本要素。
54.But as human beings we also want to see each other, and we want to be heard by each other, and we should never forget that.
但是作为人类我们希望能见到其他人， 能与他人沟通交流，我们应永不忘这些基本元素。
55.The second is that traditional charity and aid are never going to solve the problems of poverty.
第二点就是传统的慈善救援 是无法解决贫困问题的。
56.I think Andrew pretty well covered that, so I will move to the third point, which is that markets alone also are not going to solve the problems of poverty.
我相信安德鲁已很好的诠释这一点了，所以我就移至第三点， 那就是单靠市场本身 也不能解决贫困问题。
57.Yes, we ran this as a business, but someone needed to pay the philanthropic support that came into the training and the management support, the strategic advice
是的，我们将慈善事业商业化运行， 不过都需要人们的善意（金钱）支持 来维持培训和管理机构的运作，还需要战略建议
58.and maybe most important of all, the access to new contacts, networks and new markets.
以及最重要的一点， 就是与新人、新关系和新市场的接触。
59.And so, on a micro level, there’s a real role for this combination of investment and philanthropy.
所以从微观角度来讲，投资和慈善结合 是意义重大的。
60.And on a macro level, some of the speakers have inferred that even health should be privatized.
从宏观角度来讲，在我之前的一些演讲者也推断出， 卫生保健（事业）都应私有化。
61.But, having had a father with heart disease, and realizing that what our family could afford was not what he should have gotten, and having a good friend step in to help,
假如你们家庭有一位患有心脏病的父亲， 而你意识到你们家庭的负担能力 不足以支付他的治疗费用， 可是最后却有一位好友前来帮你们出钱治疗，
62.I really believe that all people deserve access to health at prices they can afford.
我深切相信所有人都应享有 他们可负担得起的医疗。
63.I think the market can help us figure that out, but there’s got to be a charitable component or I don’t think we’re going to create the kind of societies we want to live in.
我认为市场可以帮我们解决这个问题， 不过却需要有慈善成分， 要不我想我们是无法建设出我们理想中的社会。
64.And so, it was really those lessons that made me decide to build Acumen Fund about six years ago.
因此，那些教训迫使我在六年前 建立起Acumen基金。
65.It’s a nonprofit venture capital fund for the poor, a few oxymorons in one sentence.
这是一个为穷人建立的非营利性风险投资基金， 这句话里有几个矛盾之处。
66.It essentially raises charitable funds from individuals, foundations and corporations, and then we turn around and we invest equity and loans
它根本上从个人、基金会和公司募集慈善基金， 然后将这笔资金投资或贷款给
67.in both for-profit and nonprofit entities that deliver affordable health, housing, energy, clean water, to low income people in South Asia and Africa,
营利性或非营利性机构， 而他们则可以为南亚和非洲的贫困人口们 输出低廉的卫生保健服务、住房、能源和净水，
68.so that they can make their own choices.
从而使贫苦大众可以掌握他们自己的命运。
69.We’ve invested about 20 million dollars in 20 different enterprises, and have, in so doing, created nearly 20,000 jobs, and delivered tens of millions of services to people
我们已向二十种不同的企业投入了两千万美元， 并且提供了近两万份岗位， 以及向贫困人群输送了数以百万计的服务，
70.who otherwise would not be able to afford them.
这些都是他们平常无法负担的（服务）。
71.I want to tell you two stories. Both of them are in Africa.
我想和你们分享两个故事。这两个故事都是在非洲发生的。
72.Both of them are about investing in entrepreneurs who are committed to service, and who really know the markets.
它们都是和企业投资有关， 这些企业都承诺去服务大众而且他们都很熟悉市场。
73.Both of them live at the confluence of public health and enterprise, and both of them, because they’re manufacturers, create jobs directly, and create incomes indirectly,
这两个企业都处于公共卫生和企业的汇流点， 而且由于他们两位都是生产商， 所以他们直接为贫苦人群提供工作，和间接创造收入，?
74.because they’re in the malaria sector, and Africa loses about 13 billion dollars a year because of malaria.
并且他们皆属疟疾领域的， 而非洲每年都因疟疾损失一百三十亿美元。
75.And so as people get healthier, they also get wealthier.
而当人们更为健康的时候，他们的财富也因此增长。
76.The first one is called Advanced Bio-Extracts Limited.
第一个企业名为Advanced 生物提取物有限责任公司。
77.It’s a company built in Kenya about seven years ago by an incredible entrepreneur named Patrick Henfrey and his three colleagues.
七年前，这个企业由一位神奇的企业家Patrick Henfrey 同他的三位同僚一起在肯尼亚创建。
78.These are old-hand farmers who’ve gone through all the agricultural ups and downs in Kenya over the last 30 years.
他们都是农业老手了， 他们也经历过肯尼亚三十年来 大大小小的农业起伏。
79.Now, this plant is an Artemisia plant, it’s the basic component for artemisinin, which is the best-known treatment for malaria.
现在，有一种蒿属植物 是可以从里面提取出青蒿素的基本组成部分， 而青蒿素是治疗疟疾的最著名药物。
80.It’s indigenous to China and the Far East, but given that the prevalence of malaria is here in Africa, Patrick and his colleagues said, “Let’s bring it here,
这种植物原产于中国和远东地区， 但由于肆虐于非洲的疟疾， Patrick和他的同僚商议说：“我们不如将这种
81.because it’s a high value-add product.”
高增值率的植物移植到这边来吧。
82.The farmers get three to four times the yields that they would with maize.
这群农民从中所获利益乃是种植玉米的三至四倍。
83.And so, using patient capital, money that they could raise early on, that actually got below market returns, and was willing to go the long haul and be combined
因此，使用这笔耐心资本，这笔他们早期 以低于市场回报募得的钱款， 并且愿意跑长跑以及
84.with management assistance, strategic assistance, they’ve now created a company where they purchase from 7,500 farmers.
使管理援助和战略援助融合的帮助下， 他们现已建立起一个可供七千五百农民工作的公司。
85.So that’s about 50,000 people affected.
这大约影响了五万人。
86.And I think some of you may have visited — these farmers are helped by KickStart and TechnoServe, who help them become more self-sufficient.
而且我相信你们中的一些人应该已经探访过—— 这些被KickStart和TechnoServe帮助过的农民， 这两个机构使得这些农民迈向了自给自足的道路。
87.They buy it, they dry it and they bring it to this factory which was purchased in part by, again, patient capital from Novartis, who has a real interest in getting the powder
他们从这些农民手中购买蒿属植物，然后将它们晒干并带至工厂， 其中一部份的资金是由诺华的耐心资本中出的， 而诺华是一位对购买这些粉末来制造
88.so that they can make Coartem.
复方蒿甲醚（治疗疟疾的药物）真正感兴趣的商人。
89.Acumen’s been working with ABE for the past year, year and a half, both on looking at a new business plan, and what does expansion look like, helping with management support
Acumen从去年开始和ABE合作，也有一年半的合作时间了， 他们双方都关注一个新的商业计划， 以及如何扩张，这些都应有管理援助
90.and helping to do term sheets and raise capital.
条款书的签署和资金筹集的帮助。
91.And I really understood what patient capital meant emotionally in the last month or so. Because the company was literally 10 days away from proving that the product they produced
我在上个月才真正懂得耐心资本 真正的含义。由于这间公司在检验他们生产 来制作复方蒿甲醚的产品是否达到世界标准的
92.was at the world-quality level needed to make Coartem, when they were in the biggest cash crisis of their history.
时候，他们离开了十天， 而这是因为他们遇到了他们公司遇到了建立以来最大的金钱危机。
93.And we called all of the social investors we knew.
因此我们联络了所有我们熟知的社会投资者。
94.Now, some of these same social investors are really interested in Africa and understand the importance of agriculture, and they even helped the farmers.
这群投资者中有一部分对非洲很感兴趣 而且他们也懂得农业的重要性， 他们甚至帮助过一些农民。
95.And even when we explained that if ABE goes away, all those 7,500 jobs go away too, we sometimes have this bifurcation between business and the social.
当我们向他们假如ABE撤走了， 那么那七千五百个岗位也将丢失， 我们有时会遇到商业营利与社会援助的分歧。
96.And it’s really time we start thinking more creatively about how they can be fused.
现在我们应开始创造性思考如何能更好的将这两点融合。
97.So Acumen made not one, but two bridge loans, and the good news is they did indeed meet world-quality classification and are now in the final stages of closing a 20 million dollar round to move it to the next level,
所以Acumen设置了两个过桥贷款(短期贷款）， 然而好消息则是他们的产品的确达到了世界级标准，并且他们 正处于将两千万美元收盘的最后阶段，（假若成功）他们就会登上一新的台阶。
98.and I think that this will be one of the more important companies in East Africa.
而且我认为他们会成为东非最重要的一间公司。
99.This is Samuel.  He’s a farmer.
这是塞缪尔。他是一个农民。
100.He was actually living in the Kibera slums when his father called him and told him about Artemisia and the value-add potential.
当他爸告诉他青蒿和它的增长潜力时 他还是一位住在Kibera贫民窟的人。
101.So he moved back to the farm, and, long story short, they now have seven acres under cultivation.
所以他干回了老本行，长话短说吧， 他现在拥有七英亩可耕作的土地。
102.Samuel’s kids are in private school, and he’s starting to help other farmers in the area also go into Artemisia production — dignity being more important than wealth.
塞缪尔的孩子们都在上私校， 而且他也开始帮助其他同地农民加入种植青蒿的行列—— 尊严比财富更可贵。